Unassociated Document

 
UNITED STATES
 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-K/A
 
(Amendment No. 2)
 
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008

Commission file number: 000-12536

China Recycling Energy Corporation

(Name of Registrant in its Charter)

Nevada

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

90-0093373

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

Suite 909, Tower B
Chang An International Building
No. 88 Nan Guan Zheng Jie
Xi An City, Shan Xi Province
China 710068

(Address of principal executive offices)

710068

(Zip Code)

Issuer’s telephone number: (011) 86-29-8769-1097
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
NONE
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
 
NONE
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ¨
 
(Cover continued from previous page)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “small reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ¨
 
Accelerated filer ¨
     
Non-accelerated filer ¨
 
Smaller reporting company x
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
 
The aggregate market value of 8,986,405 shares of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $11,143,142 based on the last reported sale price of the registrant’s Common Stock as reported on the NASD’s Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board on June 30, 2008. The aggregate market value of 11,953,346 shares of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $11,833,813 based on the last reported sale price of the registrant’s Common Stock as reported on the NASD’s Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board on June 30, 2009.
 
As of September 21, 2009, the registrant had 38,778,035 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None.
 


 
 

 

CHINA RECYCLING ENERGY CORPORATION
 
FORM 10-K
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
Explanatory Note
1
     
PART I
 
   
 
 
 
Item 1.
Description of Business
2
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
6
Item 2.
Description of Property
10
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
10
Item 4.
Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
10
 
 
 
PART II
 
 
 
 
 
Item 5.
Market for Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Small Business Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
10
Item 6.
Selected Financial Data.
13
Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
13
Item 8.
Consolidated Financial Statements of China Recycling Energy Corporation.
23
Item 9.
Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
44
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures.
44
Item 9B.
Other Information.
45
 
 
 
PART III
 
 
 
 
 
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
45
Item 11.
Executive Compensation.
47
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters.
49
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, Director Independence.
51
Item 14.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
51
Item 15.
Exhibits.
52

 
 

 

Explanatory Note

China Recycling Energy Corporation (the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) is filing this Amendment No. 2 on Form 10-K/A to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 23, 2009 and amended on April 30, 2009 (the “Original Form 10-K”), to restate our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2008. In addition, we are concurrently filing Forms 10-Q/A to restate our consolidated financial statements as of and for the periods ended each of June 30, 2008, September 30, 2008 and March 31, 2009.
 
The accounting issues that resulted in misstatements in our consolidated financial statements as of and for the periods ended June 30, 2008, September 30, 2008, December 31, 2008 and March 31, 2009 relate to (i) the reclassification of current tax payable to deferred tax liability on the Company’s sales-type leases, as the Company did not separately record the deferred tax liability; (ii) the expensing of the unamortized amount of the beneficial conversion feature in connection with the 2008 amendment of a convertible note that was issued by the Company to certain investors in 2007; (iii) the reclassification of interest expense from interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2008; and (iv) the reclassification of 3,000,000 stock options under the Company’s 2007 Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan from the fair value of the options as a liability to equity recorded as additional paid in capital. See Note 21 to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of Part II of this report for more information regarding the restatement and details of the impact of the restatement on our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2009.
 
In addition, we have revised the data and information in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 7 of Part II of this report accordingly to reflect the effects of the restatement on our consolidated financial statements.
 
In connection with the restatement, our management has re-evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008. See Item 9A of Part II of this report for further discussions on these matters.
 
Item 15 of Part III of this report has been revised to contain the currently-dated certifications from our principal executive officer and chief accounting officer, as required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
Because this Form 10-K/A sets forth the Original Form 10-K in its entirety, it includes both items that have been changed as a result of the restatement and items that are unchanged from the Original Form 10-K. Other than the revision of the disclosures relating to the impact of the restatement as discussed above, this Form 10-K/A speaks as of the original filing date of the Original Form 10-K and has not been updated to reflect other events occurring subsequent to the original filing date. This includes forward-looking statements and all other sections of this Form 10-K/A that were not directly impacted by the restatement, which should be read in their historical context. The following items have been amended as a result of the restatement:

Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations;
Part III, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data;
Part III, Item 9A. Controls and Procedures;
Part III, Item 11. Executive Compensation; and
Part IV, Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.

 
1

 

PART I
 
When we use the terms ”we,” ”us,” ”our” and “the Company,” we mean China Recycling Energy Corporation., a Nevada corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Sifang Holdings Co., Ltd., and Sifang Holdings Co., Ltd.’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Shanghai TCH Energy Technology Co., Ltd. and Shanghai TCH Energy Technology Co., Ltd’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Xi’an TCH Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Prior to March 8, 2007, China Recycling Energy Corporation’s name was China Digital Wireless, Inc.
 
ITEM 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
 
General
 
We currently engage in the recycling energy business, providing energy savings and recycling products and services.
 
Overview
 
Business History.  
 
We originally began operations as a Colorado corporation known as Boulder Brewing Company, or Boulder Brewing. We were incorporated in Colorado on May 8, 1980 and operated as a microbrewery of various beers. Boulder Brewing was unable to become profitable within any segment of its core business, became illiquid, and was forced to divest itself of all of its assets. Boulder Brewing became dormant without any operations or assets in the second quarter of 1990.
 
In September 2001, Boulder Brewing changed its state of incorporation from Colorado to Nevada and changed its name to Boulder Acquisitions, Inc., or Boulder Acquisitions. From the date of reincorporation until June 23, 2004, Boulder Acquisitions had no material operations or assets.
 
On June 23, 2004, we completed a stock exchange transaction with the shareholders of Sifang Holdings Co., Ltd. (“Sifang Holdings”). The exchange was consummated under Nevada and Cayman Islands law pursuant to the terms of a Securities Exchange Agreement dated as of June 23, 2004 by and among Boulder Acquisitions, Sifang Holdings and the shareholders of Sifang Holdings. Pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement, we issued 13,782,636 shares of our common stock to the shareholders of Sifang Holdings, representing approximately 89.7% of our post-exchange issued and outstanding common stock, in exchange for 100% of the outstanding capital stock of Sifang Holdings. We presently carry on the business of Sifang Holdings’ wholly-owned subsidiary,  Shanghai TCH Energy Technology Co., Ltd. or Shanghai TCH, a corporation organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC” or “China”).
 
Effective August 6, 2004, we changed  our name from Boulder Acquisitions, Inc. to China Digital Wireless, Inc.
 
From August 2004 to December 2006, we primarily engaged in the business of pager and mobile phone distribution and provided value added information services to the customers in the PRC.  We gradually phased out and substantially scaled down most of the business of mobile phone distribution and provision of pager and mobile phone value-added information services, and on May 10, 2007, the Company approved and announced that it completely ceased and discontinued these businesses.
 
In December 2006, we began to engage in business activities in the energy saving and recycling industry, including purchasing certain equipment, devices, hardware and software for the construction and installation of top gas recovery turbine systems (“TRT”) and other renewable energy products. TRT is an electricity generating system that utilizes the exhaust pressure and heat produced in the blast furnace of steel mills to generate electricity. It has commercial value for the steel mills by using waste heat and steam to produce electricity for the operation of the mills.

 
2

 
 
On March 8, 2007, we changed our name from China Digital Wireless, Inc. to China Recycling Energy Corporation.
 
On April 8, 2007, our Board of Directors approved and made effective a TRT Project Joint-Operation Agreement (“Joint-Operation Agreement”) which was conditionally entered on February 1, 2007 between Shanghai TCH and Xi’an Yingfeng Science and Technology Co., Ltd.(“Yingfeng”). Yingfeng is a Chinese company that is located in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China, which is engaged in the business of designing, selling, installing, and operating TRT systems and other renewable energy products.
 
Under the Joint-Operation Agreement, Shanghai TCH and Yingfeng jointly pursued a top gas recovery turbine project (“Project”) to design, construct, install and operate a TRT system in Xingtai Iron and Steel Company, Ltd. (“Xingtai”). This project was originally initiated by a Contract to Design and Construct TRT System (“Project Contract”) entered by Yingfeng and Xingtai on September 26, 2006. Due to Yingfeng’s lack of capital in pursuing this Project alone, Yingfeng sought Shanghai TCH’s cooperation. After intensive and substantial inquiry and assessment, Shanghai TCH agreed to pursue this project with Yingfeng as a joint venture. Under the terms of the Joint-Operation Agreement, Shanghai TCH provided various forms of investments and properties into the Project including cash, hardware, software, equipments, major components and devices. In return, Shanghai TCH obtained all the rights, titles, benefits and interests that Yingfeng originally had under the Project Contract, including but not limited to the cash payment made by Xingtai on regular basis and other property rights and interests.
 
On October 31, 2007, Shanghai TCH entered an asset-transfer agreement with Yingfeng on to transfer from Yingfeng to Shanghai TCH all electricity-generating related assets owned by Yingfeng. As the result, the contractual relationships between Shanghai TCH and Yingfeng under the TRT Project Joint-Operation Agreement entered on April 8, 2007 were terminated.
 
Our current business is primarily conducted through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Sifang Holdings and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Shanghai TCH and Shanghai TCH’s wholly-subsidiaries, Xi’an TCH Energy Technology Company, Ltd (“Xi’an TCH”) and Xingtai Huaxin Energy Tech Co., Ltd. (“Huaxin”).  Shanghai TCH was established as a foreign investment enterprise in Shanghai under the laws of the PRC on May 25, 2004, with registered capital of $7.2 million. Xi’an TCH was established as a foreign investment enterprise in Xi’an, Shannxi Province under the laws of the PRC on December 14, 2007. Huaxin was incorporated in Xingtai, PRC in November, 2007.
 
Market
 
A.
Description of the TRT (Blast Furnace Top-Gas Recovery Turbine Unit) Market
 
Energy is a major strategic issue affecting the development of the Chinese economy. The Chinese government has committed to adjusting the economic structure and changing the mode of economic growth in order to encourage the use of more advanced and more environment-friendly technologies. Also, the Chinese government has been promoting the development of a recycling economy and the circulated use of resources by encouraging enterprises to engage in the energy-recycling industry. Various government issued documents indicate the government’s plan to promote the use of energy saving and recycling equipment and systems.
 
The 2007 Report of China’s Iron & Steel Association predicted that 200 TRT systems or plants will be installed in China from 2008 to 2010. The total amount of investment is expected to reach RMB 5 billion (averaging RMB 2.5 million each year), with an electricity-generation up to 11.2 billion KWH per year.
 
TRT projects are one of our core businesses and we have an excellent team specialized in development, installation, production and operation of TRT systems and equipment. Also, we have rich marketing experience in this field and have become a leader in TRT market.
 
We invested and built 3 TRT projects in 2007 (one for Shanxi Changzhi Steel Group, and two for Hebei Xingtai Steel Group). In addition, we have one project scheduled to be built in 2009 for Zhonggang Binhai.

 
3

 
 
B.
Description of CHPG (Cement Low Temperature Heat Power Generation) Market
 
Cement waste heat power generation, or CHPG, is power generation by recovering cement residual heat without additional fuel, to be built on NSP (New Suspension Pre-heater Dry Process) cement clinker production lines.
 
1.
State of the market:
 
The cement industry experienced substantial growth in China in 2008 according to a February 2009 article of China’s Securities News. China’s total investment in the cement industry reached RMB 105 billion ($15 billion), a 60% increase from 2007.  Of the RMB 105 billion ($15 billion) investment, 65 percent was spent on building up NSP cement clinker production lines, a 10% increase from 2007. It is estimated that the percentage of NSP production lines of the total will rise to 70% by the end of 2009. There are three main reasons for such strong demand of CHPG systems.
 
First, during the period of the Chinese government’s 10th Five-Year Plan, the output of NSP production lines reached 40% of the total cement output. The 11th Five-Year plan has continued to promote the NSP production line as a primary goal for the cement industry. This government promotion provides a good foundation for CHPG.
 
Second, with the development of China’s national economy, demand on electricity and coal has been increasing, and the price for such materials has been rising. This exerts a negative effect on cement enterprises. As the price of power and coal reached the majority of the production cost and substantially exceeded the cost of raw materials, companies are motivated to utilize CHPG in order to reduce production cost.
 
Third, at the end of the 10th Five-Year Plan and the start of the 11th Five-Year Plan, the Chinese government called for an energy saving campaign and issued a Medium and Long-Term Plan on Special Energy-Saving which indicated that CHPG should be widely used, and specified that 30 CHPG systems be established annually on cement producing lines with an output of 2000 tons daily. The 11th Five-Year Plan provides policy support for development of CHPG.
 
2.
Market prospects
 
 The rapid development of CHPG creates a good opportunity for the development, marketing and sales of cement residual heat boilers. In 2006, eight Chinese state ministries jointly issued Views on Adjustment of Structure of Cement Industry that pointed out that by the year 2010, the percentage of the NSP production lines equipped with CHPG should reach 40% and the total output of cement will reach between 1.4 billion-1.5 billion tons up from 1.24 billion tons in 2006. According to regulations on Chinese saving-energy industry, in the future, the NSP production will gradually replace shaft kiln cement.  The 2007 Report of China’s Cement Association estimated that there will be a demand for 400 CHPG systems by 2010.
 
 We started to invest and build two CHPG systems (Shengwei) during 2008, one was completed at the end of the year and the other is under construction to be in place in 2009.  In addition, we have contracted to build an additional CHPG project (Shengwei) in 2009.
 
C.
Suppliers
 
1.           Shanghai TCH believes it maintains good relationships with TRT and CHPG equipment suppliers, and these relationships help provide cost-effective equipment purchasing for its intended projects and ensure the timely completion of these projects.
 
2.           The Company has established business relationships with its suppliers, including Hangzhou Boiler Plant, Beijing Zhongdian Electric Machinery, Chengdu Engine Group and Shanghai Electric Group. Therefore, we believe that we now have strong support in equipment supply and installation, and in research and development of technologies.

 
4

 
 
D.
Main Customers
 
Our customers are mainly large-size domestic enterprises involving high energy-consuming businesses producing iron, steel or cement. As stated below, due to the continued expansion of the Chinese markets and administrative support for energy-recycling by the Chinese government, our market to provide TRT projects and CHPG continues to expand.
 
E.
Demand for Recycled Energy
 
The following table is the funds invested, or expected to be invested, in environmental protection industry by the Chinese government (in billion RMB).
 
 
 
 
Eighth Five-
Year Plan
(1991-1995)
   
Ninth Five-
Year Plan
(1996-2000)
   
Tenth Five-
Year Plan
(2001-2005)
   
Eleventh Five-
Year Plan
(2006-2010)
 
Total Investment Amount
(in billion RMB)
    131       450       750    
1,350 (proj.)
 
Percentage of PRC’s GDP
    0.73 %     1.3 %     1.5 %     1.5 %
 
 
 
Source: 11th Five-Year Plan of the China National Environmental Protection Plans.
 
Currently, recycled energy accounts for less than 1% of China’s total energy consumption. As a result, due to environmental protection pressure and improvement of infrastructure in western China, recycled energy, as a special and stable energy resource, can be expected to grow in China.
 
F.
Intellectual Property Rights
 
The company has applied for a service mark “TCH” in China, which will be used in all of our business operations.
 
G.
Research and Development
 
In 2008 and 2007, we invested about $120,000 and $100,000, respectively, in research and development.
 
H.
Government and Environmental Management System
 
We own all licenses that the Chinese governments require for all aspect of our operations.
 
I.
Competition
 
The Company faces limited domestic competition. Currently, most TRT and CHPG systems are purchased, constructed and operated by the steel and cement companies, themselves, rather than outsourced to a third-party.  Our main competitors as third-party providers are state owned research institutes or their wholly owned construction companies. The reasons for low competition are high entry barriers in technology, experience, investment capital, and credibility, as well customer relationships. We believe that we offer advantages over our competitors in several ways:
 
1.           Our management team has over 20 years of industry experience and expertise;
 
2.           We have the capabilities to provide TRT and CHPG systems, while our competitors usually concentrate on one type or another;

 
5

 
 
3.           We have the capabilities and experience in undertaking large scale projects; and
 
4.           We provide BOT or capital lease services to the customers, while our competitors usually use an EPC (engineering, procurement and construction) or turnkey contract model.
 
J.
Employees
 
As of March 1, 2009, we have 182 employees:
 
Management:
10   Employees
   
Administration:
9     Employees
   
Marketing:
25   Employees
   
Research & Development:
28   Employees
   
Accounting & Finance:
10   Employees     
   
Project Officer:
100 Employees, including 64 operators
 
All of our personnel are employed full-time and none of them are represented under collective bargaining agreements. We consider our relations with our employees to be good.
 
K.
Costs and effects of compliance with environmental laws
 
There were many new laws, regulations, rules and notices regarding the environment and energy production adopted, promulgated and put into force during 2008.  The Chinese government is putting more stringent requirements and urgency on reducing pollution and emissions and improving energy efficiency nationwide. Our products are designed and constructed to comply with the environmental laws and regulations of China.  As our systems allow our customers to use waste heat and gases to create energy, we help reduce the overall environmental impact of our customers.  Since our business focuses on recycling energy, the effect of the strengthening of environmental laws in China may be to increase demand for the products and services we offer and others like them.
 
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
 
Risks Related to our Common Stock
 
The market price for our common stock may be volatile.
 
The market price for our common stock is highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to factors including the following:
 
 
·
actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly operating results,
 
·
announcements of new services by us or our competitors,
 
·
changes in financial estimates by securities analysts,
 
·
conditions in the energy recycling and saving services market,
 
·
changes in the economic performance or market valuations of other companies involved in the same industry,
 
·
announcements by our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments,
 
·
additions or departures of key personnel,

 
6

 
 
 
·
potential litigation, or
 
·
conditions in the market.
 
In addition, the securities markets from time to time experience significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to the operating performance of particular companies.  These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
 
Shareholders could experience substantial dilution.
 
We may issue additional shares of our capital stock to raise additional cash for working capital. If we issue additional shares of our capital stock, our shareholders will experience dilution in their respective percentage ownership in the company.
 
We have no present intention to pay dividends.
 
We have not paid dividends or made other cash distributions on our common stock during any 2006, 2007 and 2008, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain any future earnings for working capital and to finance current operations and expansion of our business.
 
A large portion of our common stock is controlled by a small number of shareholders.
 
A large portion of our common stock is held by a small number of shareholders. As a result, these shareholders are able to influence the outcome of shareholder votes on various matters, including the election of directors and extraordinary  corporate transactions including business combinations.  In addition, the occurrence of sales of a large number of shares of our common stock, or the perception that these sales could occur, may affect our stock price and could impair our ability to obtain capital through an offering of equity securities. Furthermore, the current ratios of ownership of our common stock reduce the public float and liquidity of our common stock which can in turn affect the market price of our common stock.
 
We may be subject to “penny stock” regulations.
 
The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, has adopted rules that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in “penny stocks.” Penny stocks generally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document prepared by the SEC, which specifies information about penny stocks and the nature and significance of risks of the penny stock market. A broker-dealer must also provide the customer with bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, the compensation of the broker-dealer, and our sales person in the transaction, and monthly account statements indicating the market value of each penny stock held in the customer’s account. In addition, the penny stock rules require that, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, the broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the transaction. These disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the trading activity in the secondary market for stock that becomes subject to those penny stock rules. These additional sales practice and disclosure requirements could impede the sale of our securities. Whenever any of our securities become subject to the penny stock rules, holders of those securities may have difficulty in selling those securities.
 
Risks Related to Our Business Operations
 
We depend on the waste energy of our customers to generate electricity.
 
We acquire waste heat and gases from steelworks or cement plants and use these to generate power. Therefore, our power generating capacity depends on the availability of an adequate supply of our “raw materials” from our customers. If we do not have enough supply, power generated for those customers will be impeded. Since our contracts are often structured so that we receive compensation based on the amount of energy we supply, a reduction in production may cause problems for our revenues and results of operations.

 
7

 
 
The global financial crisis intensified in 2008 and will adversely affect our revenues.
 
Although the Chinese government has indicated it will focus on keeping its economy on track, it is difficult to insulate any economy from the global financial crisis and economic downturn that intensified worldwide during 2008. After five years of growth in excess of 10 percent, the Chinese economy is beginning to weaken. Growth in exports and investment is slowing, consumer confidence is waning and stock and property markets are severely depressed. At a time when major infrastructure projects are being put off around the world, there are obvious slowdowns in China’s major industries, like iron and steel, construction and energy.  Our customers in such industries may face more challenges and hardships than before and tend to take more conservative positions in their business and investment, including the purchase of TRT or CHPG systems.
 
Our insurance may not cover all liabilities and damages.
 
Our industry can be dangerous and hazardous. The insurance we carry might not be enough to cover all the liabilities and damages that may be caused by potential accidents.
 
A downturn in the Chinese economy may slow down our growth and profitability.
 
The growth of the Chinese economy has been uneven across geographic regions and economic sectors. There can be no assurance that growth of the Chinese economy will be steady or that any downturn will not have a negative effect on our business. Our profitability, will decrease if less energy is consumed due to a downturn in the Chinese economy.
 
Our heavy reliance on the experience and expertise of our management may cause adverse impacts on us if management member departs.
 
We depend on key personnel for the success of our business. Our business may be severely disrupted if we lose the services of our key executives and employees or fail to add new senior and middle managers to our management.
 
Our future success is heavily dependent upon the continued service of our key executives. We also rely on a number of key technology staff for the operation of our company. Our future success is also dependent upon our ability to attract and retain qualified senior and middle managers to our management team. If one or more of our current or future key executives or employees are unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we may not be able to easily replace them, and our business may be severely disrupted. In addition, if any of these key executives or employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we could lose customers and suppliers and incur additional expenses to recruit and train personnel. We do not maintain key-man life insurance for any of our key executives.
 
We may need more capital for the operation and failure to raise the capital we need may delay the development plan and reduce the profits.
 
If we don’t have adequate income or our capital can’t meet the requirement for expansion of operations, we will need to seek financing to continue our business development. If we fail to acquire adequate financial resources at acceptable terms, we might have to postpone our proposed business development plans and reduce projections of our future incomes.
 
Risks Related to the People’s Republic of China
 
China’s economic policy may affect our business.
 
All of our assets are in China, and all of our revenue comes from business in China. Therefore, our business and prospects are tied to China’s economic, political and legal development.

 
8

 
 
China’s economy has quickly developed over the past 20 years. The Chinese government has taken many measures to balance the economic development and the allocation of resources. Some measures may have adverse effect on our industry. For example, government’s excessive investment control and changes in tax law may have adverse impacts on us.
 
China’s economy had been changed from planned economy into market economy. In recent years, the government has taken many measures to strengthen market forces to reduce state-owned assets and set up joint ventures. However, a great portion of Chinese assets, still remains controlled by the government. In addition, the government plays a great role in industrial development. The great level of interference of government in the business and industrial development might have an adverse impact on us because we are not part of the state-owned business, and our relationship with the governmental authorities might not be as strong as those state-owned enterprises.
 
China’s regulation of foreign currency exchange and cash out-flow may prevent us from remitting profits and dividends to the United States.
 
China has adopted complicated rules that govern foreign currency exchange and cash out-flow. Although we believe we meet the requirements of those rules, we may not be able to remit all of our profits to the United States and distribute dividends to our shareholders if those rules are substantially changed to restrict the cash out-flow.  Foreign currency exchange rate changes might also have negative impact on our financial performance.
 
We may face the hindrance of China’s bureaucratic system.
 
Foreign companies face the political, economic and legal risks when developing business in China. China’s bureaucratic system might hinder investment from foreign countries.
 
The legal system in China has some uncertainties, which may affect the implementation of laws.
 
The legal system in China is a system of civil laws, based on provisions and written codes, therefore precedents and cases are not binding on the future decisions of the courts. Only after 1979 did the Chinese government begin to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws that regulate economic affairs in general and encourage foreign investment in China.  Although the influence of the law has been increasing, in certain rural areas the legal system and its enforcement are not well implemented.  In addition, there have been constant changes and amendments of laws and regulations over the past 30 years in order to keep up with the rapidly changing society and economy in China. Because government agencies and courts provide interpretations of laws and regulations and decide contractual disputes and issues, their inexperience on new business and new polices or regulations in certain less developed areas causes uncertainty and may affect our business.   In some provincial areas, the government agencies and the courts are protectionist and may not fully enforce contractual rights against local parties.  In certain areas, the intellectual property and trade secret protections are not as effective as those in the other areas in China or in the U.S. in general.  Consequently, we cannot clearly foresee the future direction of Chinese legislative activities on foreign invested business and effectiveness on enforcement of laws and regulations in the less developed areas in China. The uncertainties, including new laws and regulations and changes of existing laws, as well judicial interpretation by inexperienced officials in the agencies and courts in certain areas, may cause possible problems to foreign investors.
 
Where You Can Find More Information
 
We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s web site at http://www.sec.gov. You may also read and copy any document we file at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.
 
9

 
ITEM 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY

We currently lease two office spaces, one in Xi’an and one in Shanghai. Our leased office space in Xi’an is located at Room B-909, Chang’an Metropolis Center, No. 88, Nanguanzheng Street, Xi’an, PRC and we currently pay monthly rent of $2,940. Our leased office space in Shanghai is located at Room 3163, Floor 31, Jinmao Plaza, No.88 Century Avenue, Pudong New District, Shanghai, PRC, and we are currently pay monthly rent of $2,966.
 
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
The Company is not a party to any legal proceedings that it believes will have a material adverse effect upon the conduct of its business or its financial position.
 
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
 
There were no matters submitted to the Company’s stockholders during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008.
 
PART II
 
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS AND SMALL BUSINESS ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.
 
Our common stock is traded on the NASD’s Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board under the symbol “CREG.” (“CHDW” prior to March 8, 2007). On August 6, 2004 we changed our name from Boulder Acquisitions, Inc. to China Digital Wireless, Inc. and changed our symbol from “BAQI” to “CHDW.” On March 8, 2007, we changed our name from China Digital Wireless, Inc. to China Recycling Energy Corporation, and changed our symbol from “CHDW” to “CREG”.  On March 11, 2009, the last reported sales price for our common stock was $0.51 per share. As of March 1, 2009, there were 36,425,094 shares of our common stock outstanding held by approximately 3,142 shareholders of record.
 
The table below provides information with respect to the Company’s quarterly stock prices during 2008 and 2007:
 
 
 
2008
   
2007
 
 
 
4Q
   
3Q
   
2Q
   
1Q
   
4Q
   
3Q
 
 
2Q
   
1Q
 
High
  $ 1.09     $ 1.34     $ 1.88     $ 2.72     $ 3.02     $ 1.01     $ 0.399     $ 0.449  
                                                                 
Low
    0.27       0.80       1.05       1.25       0.69       0.22       0.18       0.19  
                                                                 
Close
    0.51       1.10       1.24       1.45       2.15       0.66       0.25       0.20  

We did not pay any cash dividends on our common stock in 2007 or 2008. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance operations and the expansion of our business.
 
On January 24, 2007, a group of individual purchasers entered a share purchase agreement with a group of shareholders of China Digital Wireless, Inc. (“Company”) to purchase 12,911,835 shares of Company’s common stocks owned by Sellers, $ 0.001 par value, for an aggregate purchase price of $ 490,000. Purchasers were Guohua Ku, Hanqiao Zheng, Ping Sun, Qianping Huang, Xiaohong Zhang and Lixia Zhang. Sellers are Caihua Tai, Ming Mao, Ying Shi, Sixing Fu, Xiaodong Zhang, Tianqi Huang, Wei Huang, Jing Song, Ruijie Yu, and Weiping Jing, all of whom are shareholders of Company. In accordance with the share purchase agreement, Guohua Ku acquired 9,073,700 shares. Hanqiao Zheng acquired 2,406,365 shares. Ping Sun acquired 745,880 shares. Qianping Huang acquired 157,755 shares. Xiaohong Zhang acquired 72,018 shares. Lixia Zhang acquired 456,117 shares. This sale was a sale of restricted shares between the shareholders of the Company and the individual purchasers under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933. Therefore, the Company did not issue any new shares to purchasers and this sale did not change the total number of issued and outstanding shares of the Company. The proceeds of the sale were directly paid by the purchasers to the sellers and Company neither was entitled to nor received the proceeds of the sale.

 
10

 
 
On June 21, 2007, two of Company’s major shareholders, Guohua Ku and Hanqiao Zheng executed and consummated a share exchange agreement with a group of individual purchasers all of whom are shareholders of Xi’an Yingfeng Science and Technology Co. Ltd (“Yingfeng”). Guohua Ku and Hanqiao Zheng sold 289,427 and 2,406,365 shares of CREG’s common stocks (“CREG shares”) they owned, respectively, to the purchasers for a total of 8,087,376 shares of Yingfeng’s common stocks (“Yingfeng Shares”), at the exchange rate of one CREG share for three Yingfeng shares. The share exchange agreement was initially negotiated and signed by Guohua Ku, Hanqiao Zheng and the representative of the purchasers on February 22, 2007. On June 21, 2007, the agreement was executed and consummated when all Purchasers and Sellers received the physical stock certificates of CREG shares and Yingfeng Shares delivered by the other party, pursuant to the Execution and Closing Clause of the share exchange agreement. As the result of this share exchange transaction, the purchasers, who were 472 individual shareholders of Yingfeng, acquired in total 2,695,792 shares of CREG’s common stocks. None of the purchasers acquired more than 1% of the total issued and outstanding common stocks of CREG in this transaction. Guohua Ku and Hanqiao Zheng own 8,784,273 and 0 shares of CREG’s common stocks, respectively, upon the consummation of this transaction. None of the purchasers in this share exchange transaction is a U.S. Person, as such term is defined in Rule 902(k) of Regulation S, or located within the U.S. This transaction is between non-U.S. Persons and takes place outside of the U.S. Therefore, this transaction is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 in reliance upon the exemption from registration pursuant to Regulation S of the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Act of 1933.
 
On August 22, 2007, Guohua Ku executed and consummated a share exchange agreement with another group of individual shareholders of Yingfeng. Under the terms of this Agreement, Guohua Ku sold 623,410 shares of CREG’s common stocks he owned to the Purchasers for a total of 1,870,230 shares of Yingfeng’s common stocks, at the exchange rate of one CREG share for three Yingfeng shares. As the result of this share exchange transaction, this group of Yingfeng Shareholders acquired in total 623,410 shares of CREG’s common stock. None of them acquired more than 1% of the total issued and outstanding common stock of CREG in this transaction. Guohua Ku, owns 8,160,863 shares of CREG’s common stock after the consummation of this transaction.
 
On August 23, 2007, Guohua Ku executed and consummated a share purchase agreement with Hanqiao Zheng to sell 8,160,863 shares of CREG’s common stock he owned to Hanqiao Zheng for a total price of US $2,040,215. As the result of this share purchase transaction, Hanqiao Zheng acquired in total 8,160,863 shares of CREG’s common stock. Guohua Ku, owns 0 shares of CREG’s common stock after the consummation of this transaction.
 
On November 14, 2007, the Company entered into an Assets Transfer and Share Issuance Agreement (the “Agreement A”) with Hanqiao Zheng Hanqiao, the President and major shareholder of the Company and TCH. Under the Agreement A, Hanqiao Zheng sold and transferred two TRT systems equipments (the “Assets”) amounting to $9,677,420 (equivalent to RMB 72,000,000) to the Company in exchange for 7,867,821 shares of common stock of the Company at a 23-days weighted average market price of $1.23 per share. Under the same Agreement A, the Company subsequently sold and transferred to TCH the aforementioned Assets for a total price of $9,677,420 (equivalent to RMB 72,000,000). Currently, the management of TCH has no intention to engage the Assets to any new direct financing projects.
 
Also on November 14, 2007, the Company entered into a Share Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement B”) with Hanqiao Zheng for a cash investment of $4,032,258 in exchange for 3,278,259 shares of common stock of the Company issued at a 23-days weighted average market price of $1.23 per share.
 
On November 16, 2007, the Company entered into a Stock and Notes Purchase Agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) with Carlyle Asia Growth Partners III, L.P. (“CAGP”) and CAGP III Co. Investment, L.P. (together with CAGP, the “Investors”). Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Company sold to the Investors a 10% Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the principal amount of $5,000,000 (the “First Note”). Additionally, the Purchase Agreement provides for two subsequent transactions to be effected by the Company and the Investors, which include (i) the issuance by the Company and subscription by the Investors of a total of 4,066,706 shares of common stock of Company, at the price of $1.23 per share for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $5,000,000, and (ii) the issuance and sale by the Company to the Investors of a 5% Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the principal amount of $15,000,000 (the foregoing transactions, together with sale and purchase of the First Note, are hereinafter referred to as the “Offering”). The subsequent transactions are contingent upon the satisfaction of certain conditions specified in the Purchase Agreement, including entry into specified energy and recycling project contracts and the purchase of certain energy recycling systems.

 
11

 

The First Note bore interest at 10% per annum and matured on November 16, 2009. The principal face amount of the First Note, together with any interest thereon was convertible at the option of the holders at any time on or prior to maturity, into shares of the Company’s common stock at an initial conversion price of $1.23 per share (subject to anti-dilution adjustments). The First Note was subject to mandatory conversion upon the consummation of the aforementioned issuance and subscription of shares of the Company’s common stock under the Purchase Agreement. As more fully described in the First Note, the obligations of the Company under the First Note ranked senior to all other debt of the Company.
 
As collateral for the First Note, the President and a major shareholder of the Company pledged 9,653,471 shares of the Company’s common stock held by him to secure the First Note.
 
The First Note was considered to have an embedded beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”) because the conversion price was less than the quoted market price at the time of the issuance. Accordingly, the BCF of $5,000,000 was recorded separately as unamortized beneficial conversion feature based on the intrinsic value method. The First Note was recorded in the balance sheet at face value less the unamortized BCF. The terms for the First Note were amended on April 29, 2008 and the First Note was repaid in full on June 25, 2008, as described below.
 
On April 29, 2008, the Company entered into an Amendment to the Purchase Agreement with the Investors (the “Amendment”). Under the terms of the Amendment, (i) the Company issued and the Investors subscribed for 4,066,706 shares of common stock of the Company, at $1.23 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $5,002,048, as originally contemplated under the Agreement; (ii) the Investors converted the principal amount under the First Note (and waived any accrued interest thereon) into 4,065,040 shares of common stock of the Company at the conversion price per share of $1.23, pursuant to the terms and conditions of the First Note issued under the Agreement; (iii) the Company issued and sold to the Investors a new 5% Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the principal amount of $5,000,000 to the Investors (the “Second Note” and collectively with the First Note, the “Notes”); and (iv) the Company granted to the Investors an option to purchase a 5% Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the principal amount of $10,000,000, exercisable by the Investors at any time within nine (9) months following the date of the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Amendment (the “Option Note”).
 
The Second Note bears interest at 5% per annum and matures on April 29, 2011. The principal face amount of the Second Note, together with any interest thereon, is convertible at the option of the holders at any time on or after March 30, 2010 (or such earlier date if the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2009 are available prior to March 30, 2010) and prior to maturity, into shares of the Company's common stock at an initial conversion price that is tied to the after-tax net profits of the Company for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2009, as described in the Second Note. The Second Note is subject to mandatory conversion upon the listing of the Company's common stock on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations main-board, the New York Stock Exchange or the American Stock Exchange. As more fully described in the Second Note, the obligations of the Company under the Second Note shall rank senior to all other debt of the Company.

The Second Note and the Option Note are both secured by a security interest granted to the Investors pursuant to the Share Pledge Agreement.
 
The Second Note was not considered to have an embedded BCF because the conversion price and convertible shares are contingent upon future net profits.
 
On June 25, 2008, the Company and the Investors entered into a Rescission and Subscription Agreement (the “Rescission”) to rescind the conversion of the First Note and the issuance of conversion shares of Common Stock at the Second Closing pursuant to the Amendment. The Company and the Investors rescinded the conversion of the principal amount ($5,000,000) under the First Note into 4,065,040 shares of Common Stock, and the Investors waived accrued interest on the First Note. Accordingly, the interest expense which had accrued on the note has been recorded as a decrease in interest expense for the period. At the Rescission closing, the Company repaid in full the First Note and issued to the Investors 4,065,040 shares of Common Stock at the price of $1.23 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $5,000,000.  This was done through a cross receipt arrangement; the amortized portion of BCF was reversed to additional paid in stock.  The Company has now concluded that in substance the transaction resulted in the conversion of the first $5,000,000 note into common stock and that the remaining BCF of $3,472,603 at the date of conversion should have been expensed.

 
12

 
 
On November 13, 2007, the Company approved the 2007 Non-statutory Stock Option Plan (the “2007 Plan”). Pursuant to the 2007 Plan, the Company may issue stock, or grant options to acquire the Company’s common stock at par value $0.001 (the “Stock”), with an aggregate amount of 3,000,000 shares of the Stock, from time to time to employees and directors of the Company or other individuals, including consultants or advisors, all on the terms and conditions set forth in the 2007 Plan. The exercise price of the options are the closing price per share of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. On August 4, 2008, the Company approved the forms of Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement – Manager Employee and Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement – Non-Manager Employee for grants under the 2007 Plan.  The vesting terms of option grants under the 2007 Plan are subject to the agreements for managerial and non-managerial employees. For managerial employees, no more than 15% of the total stock options shall vest and become exercisable on the six month anniversary of the grant date. An additional 15% and 50% of the total stock options shall vest and become exercisable on the first and second year anniversary of the grant date, respectively. The remaining 20% of the total stock options shall vest and become exercisable on the third year anniversary of the grant date. For non-managerial employees, no more than 30% of the total stock options shall vest and become exercisable on the first year anniversary of the grant date. An additional 50% of the total stock options shall vest and become exercisable on the second year anniversary of the grant date. The remaining 20% of the total stock options shall vest and become exercisable on the third year anniversary of the grant date. Each stock option shall become vested and exercisable over a period of no longer than five years from the grant date.   Accelerated vesting of options may also occur upon a change in control or termination of employment due to death or disability.
 
Information about our equity compensation plans at December 31, 2008 that were either approved or not approved by our shareholders was as follows:

Plan Category
 
Number of securities
to be issued upon
exercise of
outstanding options
   
Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding options
   
Number of securities
remaining available
for future issuance
under equity
compensation plans
 
                         
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
    -       -       -  
                         
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
    3,000,000     $ 0.80       0  
                         
Total
    3,000,000     $ 0.80       0  
 
ITEM 6.  SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.
 
Not applicable.
 
ITEM 7.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS. 
 
Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
 
This annual report on Form 10-K and other reports filed by the Company from time to time with the SEC (collectively the “Filings”) contain or may contain forward-looking statements and information that are based upon beliefs of, and information currently available to, Company’s management as well as estimates and assumptions made by Company’s management. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are only predictions and speak only as of the date hereof. When used in the filings, the words “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “expect”, “future”, “intend”, “plan”, or the negative of these terms and similar expressions as they relate to Company or Company’s management identify forward-looking statements. Such statements reflect the current view of Company with respect to future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors (including the risks contained in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and the section “results of operations” below),  and any businesses that Company may acquire. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may differ significantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended, or planned.

 
13

 

Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, the Company cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, the  Company does not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made throughout the entirety of this annual report, which attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
 
Our financial statements are prepared in US Dollars and in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. See “Foreign Currency Translation and Comprehensive Income (Loss)” below for information concerning the exchange rates at which Renminbi (“RMB”) were translated into US Dollars (“USD”) at various pertinent dates and for pertinent periods.
 
OVERVIEW OF BUSINESS BACKGROUND
 
China Recycling Energy Corporation (the “Company” or “CREG”) (formerly China Digital Wireless, Inc.) was incorporated on May 8, 1980, under the laws of the State of Colorado. On September 6, 2001, the Company re-domiciled its state of incorporation from Colorado to Nevada. The Company, through its subsidiary Shanghai TCH Data Technology Co., Ltd. (“TCH”), is in the business of selling and leasing energy saving equipment. The businesses of mobile phone distribution and provision of pager and mobile phone value-added information services were discontinued in 2007. On March 8, 2007, the Company changed its name to “China Recycling Energy Corporation”.
 
On June 23, 2004, the Company entered into a stock exchange agreement with Sifang Holdings Co. Ltd. (“Sifang Holdings”) and certain shareholders. Pursuant to the stock exchange agreement, the Company issued 13,782,636 shares of its common stock in exchange for a 100% equity interest in Sifang Holdings, making Sifang Holdings a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. Sifang Holdings was established under the laws of the Cayman Islands on February 9, 2004 for the purpose of holding a 100% equity interest in Shanghai TCH Data Technology Co., Ltd. (“TCH”). TCH was established as a foreign investment enterprise in Shanghai under the laws of the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) on May 25, 2004. Beginning January 2007, the Company gradually phased out and substantially scaled down most of its business of mobile phone distribution and provision of pager and mobile phone value-added information services. In the first and second quarters of 2007, the Company did not engage in any substantial transactions or activity in connection with these businesses. On May 10, 2007, the Company discontinued the businesses related to mobile phones and pagers. These businesses are reflected in continuing operations for all periods presented based on the criteria for discontinued operations prescribed by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”.
 
On February 1, 2007, the Company’s subsidiary, TCH entered into two TRT Project Joint-Operation Agreements (“Joint-Operation Agreement”) with Xi’an Yingfeng Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (“Yingfeng”). Yingfeng is a joint stock company registered in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, the PRC, and engages in the business of designing, installing, and operating TRT systems and sales of other renewable energy products. TRT is an electricity generating system that utilizes the exhaust pressure and heat produced in the blast furnace of a steel mill to generate electricity. In October 2007, the Company terminated the Joint-Operation Agreement with Yingfeng and became fully entitled to the rights, titles, benefits and interests in the TRT Projects.
 
On September 21, 2007, the Company’s subsidiary, TCH changed its name to “Shanghai TCH Energy Technology Co., Ltd.”

 
14

 

In November 2007, TCH signed a cooperative agreement with Shengwei Group for a cement waste heat power generator project. TCH will build two sets of 12MW pure low temp cement waste heat power generator systems for its two 2500 tons per day cement manufacturing lines in Jin Yang and a 5,000 tons per day cement manufacturing line in Tong Chuan.   Total investment will be approximately $12,593,000 (93 million RMB).  At the end of 2008, the Power Generator Project in Tong Chuan was completed at a total cost of approximately $6,191,000 (RMB 43,000,000) and put into operation.  The ownership of the power generator system belongs to Tong Chuan from the date the system is put into service.  TCH is responsible for the daily maintenance and repair of the system, and charges Tong Chuan the monthly electricity fee based on the actual power generated by the system at 0.4116 RMB per KWH for an operating period of five years with the assurance from Tong Chuan of proper functioning of 5000t/d cement manufacturing line and not less than 7440 hrs/yr heat providing hours to the electricity generator system.  Shengwei Group has collateralized the cement manufacturing line in Tongchuan to guarantee its obligations to provide the minimum electricity income from the power generator system under the agreement during the operating period. At the end of the five years operating period, TCH will have no further obligations under the cooperative agreement. 
 
During 2008, the Company also leased two energy recycling power generation equipment systems under one-year, non-cancellable leases with the rents paid in full, which the Company was able to sublease for higher rental income under one-year, non-cancellable leases.
 
Starting in November 2008, the Chinese government announced a series of economic stimulus plans aimed at bolstering its weakening economy, a sweeping move that could also help fight the effects of the global slowdown. China will spend an estimated $586 billion over the next two years – roughly seven percent of its gross domestic product each year – to construct new railways, subways and airports and to rebuild communities devastated by an earthquake in the southwest China in May 2008. The economic stimulus package is the largest effort ever undertaken by the Chinese government. The government said that the stimulus would cover 10 areas, including low-income housing, electricity, water, rural infrastructure and projects aiming at environmental protection and technological innovation. The spending would begin immediately, with $18 billion scheduled for the last quarter of 2008.
 
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
 
Our management's discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements as well as the reported net sales and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
 
While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements, we believe that the following accounting policies are the most critical to aid you in fully understanding and evaluating this management discussion and analysis.
 
Basis of presentation
 
These accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for annual financial statements.
 
Basis of consolidation
 
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CREG and, its subsidiaries, Sifang Holdings, TCH, and TCH’s subsidiaries Xi’an TCH and Huaxin. Xi’an TCH and Huaxin engage in the same business as TCH. Substantially all of the Company's revenues are derived from the operations of TCH and its subsidiaries, which represent substantially all of the Company’s consolidated assets and liabilities. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

  Use of estimates
 
In preparing these consolidated financial statements, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the balance sheets and revenues and expenses during the year reported. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

 
15

 
 
Accounts receivable and concentration of credit risk
 
Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amounts and do not bear interest. The Company extends unsecured credit to its customers in the ordinary course of business but mitigates the associated risks by performing credit checks and actively pursuing past due accounts. An allowance for doubtful accounts is established and determined based on managements’ assessment of known requirements, aging of receivables, payment history, the customer’s current credit worthiness and the economic environment.
 
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of accounts receivable and other receivables. The Company does not require collateral or other security to support these receivables. The Company conducts periodic reviews of its clients' financial condition and customer payment practices to minimize collection risk on accounts receivable.
 
The operations of the Company are located in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company's business, financial condition, and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic, and legal environments in the PRC, as well as by the general state of the PRC economy.
 
Inventory
 
Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost of work in progress and finished goods comprises direct material cost, direct production cost and an allocated portion of production overheads.
 
Property and Equipment
 
Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred; additions, renewals and betterments are capitalized. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is included in operations. Depreciation of property and equipment is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated lives ranging from 5 to 20 years as follows:
 
Building
20 years
Vehicle
2 - 5 years
Office and Other Equipment
2 - 5 years
Software
2 - 3 years

Sales-type leasing and related revenue recognition
 
The Company leases TRT and CHPG systems to its customers. The Company transfers all benefits, risks and ownership of the TRT and CHPG systems to its customers at the end of each lease term, except for one system in which the Company transferred the ownership of the power generated system at the time the system was put into operation. The Company also leases power generating systems to its customers.  The Company’s investment in these projects is recorded as investment in sales-type leases in accordance with SFAS No. 13, “Accounting for Leases” and its various amendments and interpretations. The Company manufactures and constructs the TRT and CHPG systems and power generation systems, and finances its customers for the selling price of the systems.  The sales and cost of goods sold are recognized at the point of sale. The investment in sales-type leases consists of the sum of the total minimum lease payments receivable less unearned interest income and estimated executory costs. Unearned interest income is amortized to income over the lease term as to produce a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in the lease.
 
 Foreign Currency Translation and Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
The Company’s functional currency is the Renminbi (“RMB”).  For financial reporting purposes, RMB has been translated into United States dollars (“USD”) as the reporting currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average rate of exchange prevailing during the reporting period. Translation adjustments arising from the use of different exchange rates from period to period are included as a component of stockholders' equity as “Accumulated other comprehensive income”. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in income. There has been no significant fluctuation in exchange rate for the conversion of RMB to USD after the balance sheet date.

 
16

 
 
The Company uses SFAS 130 “Reporting Comprehensive Income”. Comprehensive income is comprised of net income and all changes to the statements of stockholders’ equity, except those due to investments by stockholders, changes in paid-in capital and distributions to stockholders.
 
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
 
Accounting for Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts
 
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 163, “Accounting for Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts, an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 60.”  The scope of this Statement is limited to financial guarantee insurance (and reinsurance) contracts, as described in this Statement, issued by enterprises included within the scope of Statement 60. Accordingly, this Statement does not apply to financial guarantee contracts issued by enterprises excluded from the scope of Statement 60 or to some insurance contracts that seem similar to financial guarantee insurance contracts issued by insurance enterprises (such as mortgage guaranty insurance or credit insurance on trade receivables). This Statement also does not apply to financial guarantee insurance contracts that are derivative instruments included within the scope of FASB Statement No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.” This Statement will not have an impact on the Company’s financial statements.
 
The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
 
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.”  This Statement identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with GAAP.  This Statement will not have an impact on the Company’s financial statements.
 
Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
 
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 (“SFAS 133”).  This Statement changes the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities. Entities are required to provide enhanced disclosures about (i) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (ii) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS 133 and its related interpretations, and (iii) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows.  Based on current conditions, the Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS 161 to have a significant impact on its results of operations or financial position.
 
 Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements - An Amendment of ARB No. 51
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements - An Amendment of ARB No. 51” (“SFAS 160”). SFAS 160 establishes new accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. Specifically, this statement requires the recognition of a noncontrolling interest (minority interest) as equity in the consolidated financial statements and separate from the parent’s equity. The amount of net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest will be included in consolidated net income on the face of the income statement. SFAS 160 clarifies that changes in a parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in deconsolidation are equity transactions if the parent retains its controlling financial interest. In addition, this statement requires that a parent recognize a gain or loss in net income when a subsidiary is deconsolidated. Such gain or loss will be measured using the fair value of the noncontrolling equity investment on the deconsolidation date. SFAS 160 also includes expanded disclosure requirements regarding the interests of the parent and its noncontrolling interest. SFAS 160 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The Company expects SFAS 160 will have an impact on accounting for business combinations once adopted but the effect is dependent upon acquisitions at that time.

 
17

 

Business Combinations
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (Revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141R”). SFAS 141R will significantly change the accounting for business combinations. Under SFAS 141R, an acquiring entity will be required to recognize all the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a transaction at the acquisition-date fair value with limited exceptions. SFAS 141R will change the accounting treatment for certain specific items, including:

 
 ·
Acquisition costs will be generally expensed as incurred;
     
 
 ·
Noncontrolling interests (formerly known as “minority interests” - see SFAS 160 discussion above) will be valued at fair value at the acquisition date;
     
 
 ·
Acquired contingent liabilities will be recorded at fair value at the acquisition date and subsequently measured at either the higher of such amount or the amount determined under existing guidance for non-acquired contingencies;
     
 
 ·
In-process research and development will be recorded at fair value as an indefinite-lived intangible asset at the acquisition date;
     
 
 ·
Restructuring costs associated with a business combination will be generally expensed subsequent to the acquisition date; and
     
 
 ·
Changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances and income tax uncertainties after the acquisition date generally will affect income tax expense.

SFAS 141R also includes a substantial number of new disclosure requirements. SFAS 141R applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. We expect SFAS 141R will have an impact on accounting for business combinations once adopted but the effect is dependent upon acquisitions at that time.
 
Accounting for Nonrefundable Advance Payments for Goods or Services Received for use in Future Research and Development Activities
 
In June 2007, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. EITF 07-3, “Accounting for Nonrefundable Advance Payments for Goods or Services Received for use in Future Research and Development Activities” (“FSP EITF 07-3”), which addresses whether nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services that used or rendered for research and development activities should be expensed when the advance payment is made or when the research and development activity has been performed.  EITF 07-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. Management is currently evaluating the effect of this pronouncement on financial statements. 
 
Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an Amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132R
 
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an Amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132R” (“SFAS 158”), which requires companies to recognize the underfunded or overfunded status of their defined benefit pension and other post-retirement plans as an asset or liability and to recognize changes in that funded status through comprehensive income in the year in which the changes occur.  As required, we adopted the recognition provision of SFAS No. 158 on December 31, 2006.
 
SFAS No. 158 also requires companies to measure the funded status of defined benefit pension and other post-retirement plans as of their year-end reporting date. The measurement date provisions of SFAS No. 158 were effective for us as of December 31, 2008. We applied the measurement provisions by measuring our benefit obligations as of September 30, 2007, our prior measurement date, and recognizing a pro-rata share of net benefit costs for the transition period from October 1, 2007 to December 31, 2008 as a cumulative effect of change in accounting principle in retained earnings as of December 31, 2008.  The adoption of the measurement date provisions of SFAS No. 158 did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations for the periods presented.

 
18

 
 
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007
 
The following table sets forth the results of our operations for the periods indicated as a percentage of net sales:
 
  
 
2008 (Restated)
   
2007
 
Years Ended December 31
 
$
   
% of Sales
    $    
% of Sales
 
Sales
    19,217,663         100 %     9,302,347         100
Sales of products
    8,048,956         42     9,302,347         100 %
Rental income
    11,168,707         58 %     -         -  
Cost of sales
    (14,001,736 )       73 %     (7,033,400 )       76 %
Cost of products
    (6,191,505       32 %     (7,033,400 )       76 %
Rental expense
    (7,810,231 )       41 %     -         -  
Gross profit
    5,215,927         27 %     2,268,947         24 %
Interest income on sales-type lease
    2,285,582         12 %     1,015,712         11 %
Total operating income
    7,501,509         39 %     3,284,659         35 %
Total operating expenses
    (3,354,028 )       17 %     (542,434 )       6 %
Income from operation
    4,147,481         22 %     2,742,225         29.5 %
Total non-operating expenses
    (4,734,308 )       (25 )%     (425,964       (4.6 )%
Income (loss) before income tax
    (586,827 )         (3 )%     2,316,261         25 %
Income tax expense
    (1,632,754 )       9 %     (466,647 )       5 %
Minority interest
    (83 )       -       -          
Income from operations of discontinued component
    -               28,699         0.3 %
Net income (loss)
    (2,219,664 )         (12 ) %     1,878,313         20 %

SALES. Net sales for 2008 were approximately $19.22 million while our net sales for 2007 were approximately $9.30 million, an increase in revenues of approximately $9.92 million. The increase was due to the change in our business during 2007. We discontinued our mobile phone business and commenced selling, manufacturing and constructing energy saving systems during 2007. We sell our energy saving systems through sales-type leases. Sales and cost of sales are recorded at the time of leases; the interest income from the sales-type leases are our major revenue source in addition to sales revenue. We sold two TRT systems through sales-type leasing during 2007 with sales recorded for approximately $9.30 million and interest income of approximately $1.02 million, while in 2008, we sold one CHPG system through sales-type leasing with sales of approximately $8.05 million in addition to total interest income of approximately $2.29 million from sales-type leases.  We also recorded rental income of approximately $11.17 million from leasing our two power generating systems in 2008. 

COST OF SALES. Cost of sales for 2008 was approximately $14 million while our cost of sales for 2007 was approximately $7.03 million, an increase of approximately $6.97 million. The increase in cost of sales is attributed to changing our business type from a mobile phone business to manufacturing, selling, constructing and leasing the energy saving systems in 2007. Our cost of sales consisted of the cost of the energy saving systems for sales-type leases, and cost of the operating lease as we leased two power generating systems under one-year, non-cancellable leases with options to renew at a favorable price during 2008, which we subleased for higher monthly rental income under one-year, non-cancellable lease.
 
GROSS PROFIT. Gross profit was approximately $5.22 million for 2008 as compared to approximately $2.27 million for 2007, representing gross margins of approximately 27% and 24% for 2008 and 2007, respectively. The increase in our gross profit was mainly due to changes of our business from a mobile phone business to manufacturing, selling, constructing and leasing energy saving systems. We sold two TRT systems through sales-type leasing with gross margin of approximately 24% during 2007, while during 2008, we sold one CHPG system through sales type leasing with gross profit margin of approximately 74%, and commenced operating lease business for leasing out two energy recycling power generation equipment systems at a profit margin of approximately 30%.

 
19

 
 
OPERATING INCOME. Operating income was approximately $7.50 million for 2008 while our operating income for 2007 was approximately $3.28 million, an increase of approximately $4.22 million. The growth in operating income was mainly due to (i) changing our business type, (ii) selling and leasing our energy saving systems through sales-type leasing and (iii) commencing operating lease business in 2008. A new sales-type lease for power generated system was commenced in 2008 in addition to our two TRT systems which were sold under sales-type leases in 2007. The sales-type lease brings us additional interest income. Interest income on sales-type lease for 2008 was approximately $2.29 million, an approximately $1.27 million increase from approximately $1.02 million for 2007.
 
OPERATING EXPENSES. Operating expenses consisted of selling, general and administrative expenses totaling approximately $3.35 million for 2008 as compared to approximately $0.54 million for 2007, an increase of approximately $2.81 million or 518%. This increase was mainly due to the compensation expense of approximately $1.44 million related to the fair value of the stock options to employees, and increased payroll, marketing and traveling expense due to the expansion of our business.
 
NET INCOME. Our net loss for 2008 was approximately $2.22 million as compared to approximately $1.88 million net income for 2007, a decrease of $4.1 million. This decrease in net income was mainly due to interest expense on our amortized beneficial conversion feature for the convertible note of approximately $4.68 million and compensation expense of the fair value of stock options of approximately $1.44 million for 2008. The convertible note that was issued on November 16, 2007 was repaid on June 25, 2008.  The vested and non-vested employee stock options that were granted on November 13, 2007, were forfeited and cancelled on June 25, 2008.  We subsequently reissued the same number of stock options on August 4, 2008; this reissuance was accounted for as a modification of the original options.
 
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
 
Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007
 
As of December 31, 2008, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $7,267,344. At December 31, 2008, other current assets were approximately $16.54 million and current liabilities were approximately $11.69 million, working capital amounted to $12.12 million at December 31, 2008. The ratio of current assets to current liabilities was 2.04:1 at the year ended December 31, 2008.
 
The following is a summary of cash provided by or used in each of the indicated types of activities during 2008 and 2007:
 
  
 
2008 (Restated)
   
2007
 
Cash provided by (used in):
           
Operating Activities
 
$
1,958,334
   
$
4,997,455
 
Investing Activities
   
(10,896,198
)
   
(8,640,969
Financing Activities
   
13,957,150
     
5,068,583
 
 
Net cash flow provided in operating activities was approximately $1.96 million during 2008, as compared to approximately $5 million provided in same period of 2007. The decrease in net cash provided in operating activities was mainly due to the prepaid equipment rents of approximately $3.79 million as well as decrease in our accounts payable.
 
Net cash flow used in investing activities was approximately $10.90 million for 2008, as compared to approximately $8.64 million net cash used in investing activities for 2007. The increase of net cash flow used in investing activities was mainly due to the acquisition of equipment of $115,000 and payment for construction in progress of approximately $3.72 million for constructing a power generating system. We will use the BOT (build, operate, transfer) model to build and operate a system and charge the user of this system monthly electricity fees based on the actual power generated by the systems.
 
Net cash flow provided by financing activities was approximately $13.96 million for 2008 as compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $5.07 million for 2007. The increase of net cash flow provided by financing activities was mainly due to the issuance of common stock to an accredited investor for $5 million, issuance of a convertible note to the same investor for $5 million, and issuance of common stock to one of our major shareholders for $4,032,258.

 
20

 
 
We believe we have sufficient cash to continue our current business through December, 2009 due to increased sales, interest revenue and rental income from operating activity as well as more than $11 million in working capital at the end of 2008. As of Dec 31, 2008, we have 3 sale-type leases, 2 TRT and 1 CHPG, and 2 operational leases, currently generating net cash flow. We believe we have sufficient cash resources to cover our capital expenditures we anticipate in 2009.
 
We do not believe that inflation had a significant negative impact on our results of operations during 2008.
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
We have not entered into any other financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as stockholder’s equity or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with us.
 
Contractual Obligations
 
Convertible Notes Payable
 
As mentioned in Item 5, on November 16, 2007, the Company entered into a Stock and Notes Purchase Agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) with Carlyle Asia Growth Partners III, L.P. (“CAGP”) and CAGP III Co. Investment, L.P. (together with CAGP, the “Investors”). Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Company sold to the Investors a 10% Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the principal amount of $5,000,000 (the “First Note”). Additionally, the Purchase Agreement provides for two subsequent transactions to be effected by the Company and the Investors, which include (i) the issuance by the Company and subscription by the Investors of a total of 4,066,706 shares of common stock of Company, at the price of $1.23 per share for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $5,000,000, and (ii) the issuance and sale by the Company to the Investors of a 5% Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the principal amount of $15,000,000 (the foregoing transactions, together with sale and purchase of the First Note, are hereinafter referred to as the “Offering”). The subsequent transactions are contingent upon the satisfaction of certain conditions specified in the Purchase Agreement, including entry into specified energy and recycling project contracts and the purchase of certain energy recycling systems.
 
The First Note bore interest at 10% per annum and matured on November 16, 2009. The principal face amount of the First Note, together with any interest thereon was convertible at the option of the holders at any time on or prior to maturity, into shares of the Company’s common stock at an initial conversion price of $1.23 per share (subject to anti-dilution adjustments). The First Note was subject to mandatory conversion upon the consummation of the aforementioned issuance and subscription of shares of the Company’s common stock under the Purchase Agreement. As more fully described in the First Note, the obligations of the Company under the First Note ranked senior to all other debt of the Company.
 
As collateral for the First Note, the President and a major shareholder of the Company pledged 9,653,471 shares of the Company’s common stock held by him to secure the First Note.
 
The First Note was considered to have an embedded beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”) because the conversion price was less than the quoted market price at the time of the issuance. Accordingly, the BCF of $5,000,000 was recorded separately as unamortized beneficial conversion feature based on the intrinsic value method. The First Note was recorded in the balance sheet at face value less the unamortized BCF. The terms for the First Note were amended on April 29, 2008 and the First Note was repaid in full on June 25, 2008, as described below.

 
21

 

On April 29, 2008, the Company entered into an Amendment to the Purchase Agreement with the Investors (the “Amendment”). Under the terms of the Amendment, (i) the Company issued and the Investors subscribed for 4,066,706 shares of common stock of the Company, at $1.23 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $5,002,048, as originally contemplated under the Agreement; (ii) the Investors converted the principal amount under the First Note (and waived any accrued interest thereon) into 4,065,040 shares of common stock of the Company at the conversion price per share of $1.23, pursuant to the terms and conditions of the First Note issued under the Agreement; (iii) the Company issued and sold to the Investors a new 5% Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the principal amount of $5,000,000 to the Investors (the “Second Note” and collectively with the First Note, the “Notes”); and (iv) the Company granted to the Investors an option to purchase a 5% Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the principal amount of $10,000,000, exercisable by the Investors at any time within nine (9) months following the date of the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Amendment (the “Option Note”).
 
The Second Note bears interest at 5% per annum and matures on April 29, 2011. The principal face amount of the Second Note, together with any interest thereon, is convertible at the option of the holders at any time on or after March 30, 2010 (or such earlier date if the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2009 are available prior to March 30, 2010) and prior to maturity, into shares of the Company's common stock at an initial conversion price that is tied to the after-tax net profits of the Company for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2009, as described in the Second Note. The Second Note is subject to mandatory conversion upon the listing of the Company's common stock on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations main-board, the New York Stock Exchange or the American Stock Exchange. As more fully described in the Second Note, the obligations of the Company under the Second Note shall rank senior to all other debt of the Company.

The Second Note and the Option Note are both secured by a security interest granted to the Investors pursuant to the Share Pledge Agreement.
 
The Second Note was not considered to have an embedded BCF because the conversion price and convertible shares are contingent upon future net profits.
 
On June 25, 2008, the Company and the Investors entered into a Rescission and Subscription Agreement (the “Rescission”) to rescind the conversion of the First Note and the issuance of conversion shares of Common Stock at the Second Closing pursuant to the Amendment. The Company and the Investors rescinded the conversion of the principal amount ($5,000,000) under the First Note into 4,065,040 shares of Common Stock, and the Investors waived accrued interest on the First Note. Accordingly, the interest expense which had accrued on the note has been recorded as a decrease in interest expense for the period. At the Rescission closing, the Company repaid in full the First Note and issued to the Investors 4,065,040 shares of Common Stock at the price of $1.23 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $5,000,000.  This was done through a cross receipt arrangement; the amortized portion of BCF was reversed to additional paid in stock.  The Company has now concluded that in substance the transaction resulted in the conversion of the first $5,000,000 note into common stock and that the remaining BCF of $3,472,603 at the date of conversion should have been expensed.

 
22

 

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
Board of Directors and Shareholders of China Recycling Energy Corporation:
 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of China Recycling Energy Corporation (the “Company” or “CREG”) and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 and the related consolidated statements of income and other comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
 
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall consolidated financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements as restated referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of China Recycling Energy Corporation and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 and the consolidated results of their operations and their consolidated cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
 
As discussed in Note 21 to the consolidated financial statements, certain errors resulting in the classification of current and deferred income tax liability and understatement of previously reported expenses for the year ended December 31, 2008 were discovered by the Company's management on August 25, 2009. Accordingly, the 2008 financial statements have been restated.
 
Goldman Park Kurland Mohidin
Encino, California
March 8, 2009, except for note 21, for which the date is August 25, 2009.

 
23

 

CHINA RECYCLING ENERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

   
AS OF
DECEMBER 31, 2008
   
AS OF
DECEMBER 31, 2007
 
   
(RESTATED)
       
ASSETS
           
CURRENT ASSETS
           
Cash & cash equivalents
  $ 7,267,344     $ 1,634,340  
Investment in sales type leases, net
    1,970,591       1,081,981  
Interest receivable on sales type leases
    82,406       144,262  
Prepaid expenses
    3,849,087       -  
Advances to suppliers
    -       2,467,579  
Other receivables
    102,850       32,902  
Inventory
    10,534,633       9,870,315  
Total current assets
    23,806,911       15,231,379  
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
               
Investment in sales type leases, net
    14,837,879       7,933,780  
Advance for equipment
    2,642,889       -  
Property and equipment, net
    95,359       -  
Construction in progress
    3,731,016       -  
Intangible assets, net
    3,482       6,169  
Total non-current assets
    21,310,625       7,939,949  
TOTAL ASSETS
  $ 45,117,536     $ 23,171,328  
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
               
CURRENT LIABILITIES
               
Accounts payable
  $ 1,186,902       2,298,201  
Unearned revenues
    658,415       -  
Taxes payable
    1,313,949       191,982  
Accrued liabilities and other payables
    3,528,527       2,565,726  
Advance from management
    -       71,508  
Convertible notes, net of discount due to beneficial conversion feature
    5,000,000       378,082  
Total current liabilities
    11,687,793       5,505,499  
DEFERRED TAX LIABILITY
    823,407       342,540  
ACCRUED INTEREST ON CONVERTIBLE NOTES
    168,494       -  
CONTINGENCIES AND COMMITMENTS
               
MINORITY INTEREST
    16,179       15,080  
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
               
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized, 36,425,094 and 25,015,089 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively
    36,425       25,015  
Additional paid in capital
    34,528,289       19,070,908  
Statutory reserve
    1,319,286       832,467  
Accumulated other comprehensive income
    3,582,587       1,718,260  
Accumulated deficit
    (7,044,924 )     (4,338,441 )
Total Company stockholders' equity
    32,421,663       17,308,209  
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
  $ 45,117,536     $ 23,171,328  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 
24

 

CHINA RECYCLING ENERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

   
FOR THE YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
   
RESTATED
       
Revenue
           
 Sales of products
  $ 8,048,956     $ 9,302,347  
 Rental income
    11,168,707       -  
Total revenue
    19,217,663       9,302,347  
Cost of sales
               
 Cost of products
    6,191,505       7,033,400  
 Rental expense
    7,810,231       -  
Total cost of sales
    14,001,736       7,033,400  
Gross profit
    5,215,927       2,268,947  
Interest income on sales-type leases
    2,285,582       1,015,712  
 Total operating income
    7,501,509       3,284,659  
Operating expenses
               
 Selling expenses
    -       125,039  
 General and administrative expenses
    3,354,028       417,395  
 Total operating expenses
    3,354,028       542,434  
Income from operations
    4,147,481       2,742,225  
Non-operating income (expenses)
               
 Interest income
    27,033       -  
 Interest expense
    (4,787,292 )     (377,402 )
 Other income
    108,999       -  
 Other expense
    (811 )     (397 )
 Exchange loss
    (82,237 )     (48,165 )
 Total non-operating expenses
    (4,734,308 )     (425,964 )
Income before income tax
    (586,827 )     2,316,261  
Income tax expense
    1,632,754       466,647  
Net (loss) income from continuing operations
    (2,219,581 )     1,849,614  
Income from operations of discontinued component
    -       28,699  
Less: minority interest
    83       -  
Net income (loss)
    (2,219,664 )     1,878,313  
Other comprehensive item
               
 Foreign currency translation gain
    1,864,327       680,586  
Comprehensive income (loss)
  $ (355,337 )   $ 2,558,899  
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
    32,095,814       18,160,385  
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding *
    49,702,199       18,855,897  
Basic net earnings per share **
  $ (0.07 )   $ 0.10  
Diluted net earnings per share ***
  $ (0.07 )   $ 0.10  

* Diluted weighted average shares outstanding includes estimated shares will be converted from the Second Note issued on Apr 29, 2008 with conversion price contingent upon future net profits.
** Basic and diluted loss per share are the same because common stock equivalents are anti-dilutive.
*** Interest expense on convertible notes are added back to net income for the computation of diluted EPS.
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 
25

 

CHINA RECYCLING ENERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

   
Common Stock
                               
   
Shares
   
Amount
   
Paid in Capital
   
Statutory
Reserves
   
Other
Comprehensive
Income
   
Accumulated
Deficit
   
Total
 
                                                         
Balance at December 31, 2006
    17,147,268     $ 17,148     $ 4,229,845     $ 574,666     $ 1,037,674     $ (5,958,953 )   $ (99,620 )
                                                         
Shares issued for capital contribution
    7,867,821       7,867       9,669,553       -       -       -       9,677,420  
                                                         
Stock compensation expense related to stock options
    -       -       171,510       -       -       -       171,510  
                                                         
Value of beneficial conversion feature in connection with convertible note
    -       -       5,000,000       -       -       -       5,000,000  
                                                         
Net income for the year
    -       -       -       -       -       1,878,313       1,878,313  
                                                         
Transfer to statutory reserves
    -       -       -       257,801       -       (257,801 )     -  
                                                         
Foreign currency translation gain
    -       -       -       -       680,586       -       680,586  
                                                         
Balance at December 31, 2007
    25,015,089       25,015       19,070,908       832,467       1,718,260       (4,338,441 )     17,308,209  
                                                         
Shares issued for capital contribution
    11,410,005       11,410       14,020,848       -       -       -       14,032,258  
                                                         
Stock compensation expense related to stock options
    -       -       1,436,533       -       -       -       1,436,533  
                                                         
Net loss for the year
    -       -       -       -       -       (2,219,664 )     (2,219,664 )
                                                         
Transfer to statutory reserves
    -       -       -       486,819       -       (486,819 )     -  
                                                         
Foreign currency translation gain
    -       -       -       -       1,864,327       -       1,864,327  
                                                         
Balance at December 31, 2008 (RESTATED)
    36,425,094     $ 36,425     $ 34,528,289     $ 1,319,286     $ 3,582,587     $ (7,044,924 )   $ 32,421,663  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 
26

 

CHINA RECYCLING ENERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

   
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
   
RESTATED
       
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
           
Net income (loss)
  $ (2,219,664 )   $ 1,878,313  
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash
               
provided by operating activities:
               
Depreciation and amortization
    18,079       -  
Amortization of discount related to conversion feature of convertible note
    4,684,932       315,068  
Stock option compensation expense
    1,436,533       171,510  
Accrued interest on convertible notes
    105,480       63,014  
Minority interest
    83       14,463  
Change in deferred tax
    823,407       -  
(Increase) decrease in current assets:
               
Interest receivable on sales type lease
    61,856       (144,262 )
Advances to suppliers
    -       (1,590,891 )
Prepaid equipment rent
    (3,796,985 )     -  
Other receivables
    (66,659 )     212,288  
Increase (decrease) in current liabilities:
               
Accounts payable
    (1,245,854 )     2,204,167  
Unearned revenue
    647,948       -  
Advance from customers
    -       (179,787 )
Tax payable
    707,013       523,190  
Accrued liabilities and other payables
    802,165       1,530,382  
Net cash provided by operating activities
    1,958,334       4,997,455  
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
               
Investment in sales type leases
    (7,063,105 )     (8,640,969 )
Acquisition of property & equipment
    (115,350 )     -  
Construction in progress
    (3,717,743 )     -  
Net cash used in investing activities
    (10,896,198 )     (8,640,969 )
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
               
Issuance of common stock
    9,032,258       -  
Convertible notes
    5,000,000       5,000,000  
Repayment to management
    (75,108 )     68,583  
Advance from shareholder
    -          
Net cash provided by financing activities
    13,957,150       5,068,583  
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGE ON CASH & CASH EQUIVALENTS
    613,718       (42,729 )
NET INCREASE IN CASH & CASH EQUIVALENTS
    5,633,004       1,382,340  
CASH & CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR
    1,634,340       252,000  
CASH & CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF YEAR
  $ 7,267,344     $ 1,634,340  
Supplemental Cash flow data:
               
Income tax paid
  $ 152,881     $ 35,281  
Interest paid
  $ -     $ -  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 
27

 

CHINA RECYCLING ENERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007

1. ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

China Recycling Energy Corporation (the “Company” or “CREG”) (formerly China Digital Wireless, Inc.) was incorporated on May 8, 1980, under the laws of the State of Colorado. On September 6, 2001, the Company re-domiciled its state of incorporation from Colorado to Nevada. The Company, through its subsidiary, Shanghai TCH Data Technology Co., Ltd (“TCH”), sells and leases energy saving equipment. The businesses of mobile phone distribution and provision of pager and mobile phone value-added information services were discontinued in 2007. On March 8, 2007, the Company changed its name to “China Recycling Energy Corporation”.

Since January 2007, the Company has gradually phased out and substantially scaled down most of its business of mobile phone distribution and provision of pager and mobile phone value-added information services. In the first and second quarters of 2007, the Company did not engage in any substantial transactions or activity in connection with these businesses. On May 10, 2007, the Company discontinued the businesses related to mobile phones and pagers. These businesses are reflected in continuing operations for all periods presented based on the criteria for discontinued operations prescribed by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets (“SFAS 144”).

On February 1, 2007, the Company’s subsidiary, TCH, entered into two TRT Project Joint-Operation Agreements (“Joint-Operation Agreement”) with Xi’an Yingfeng Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (“Yingfeng”). TRT is an electricity generating system that utilizes the exhaust pressure and heat produced in the blast furnace of a steel mill to generate electricity. Yingfeng is a joint stock company registered in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, Peoples Republic of China (the “PRC”), and engages in the business of designing, installing, and operating TRT systems and sales of other renewable energy products. In October 2007, the Company terminated the joint operation agreement with Yingfeng and became fully entitled to the rights, titles, benefits and interests in the TRT Projects.

Under the Joint-Operation Agreement, TCH and Yingfeng jointly operated a top gas recovery turbine project (“TRT Project”) which designed, constructed, installed and operated a TRT system and leased it to Zhangzhi Iron and Steel Holdings Ltd. (“Zhangzhi”). The total costs contributed by TCH were approximately $1,426,000 (equivalent to Renminbi (“RMB”) 10,690,000). TCH provided various forms of investments and properties into the TRT Project including cash, hardware, software, equipment, major components and devices. The construction of the TRT Project was completed and put into operation in August 2007. In October 2007, the Company terminated the Joint-Operation Agreement with Yingfeng. TCH became entitled to the rights, titles, benefits and interests in the TRT Project and receives monthly rental payments of approximately $147,000 (equivalent to RMB 1,100,000) from Zhangzhi for a lease term of thirteen years. At the end of the lease term, TCH will transfer the rights and titles of the TRT Project to Zhangzhi without cost.

Under another Joint-Operation Agreement, TCH and Yingfeng jointly operated a TRT Project which designed, constructed, installed and operated a TRT system and lease to Xingtai Iron and Steel Company Ltd. (“Xingtai”). TCH provided various forms of investments and properties into the TRT Project including cash, hardware, software, equipment, major components and devices. The total estimated costs of this TRT Project were approximately $3,900,000 (equivalent to RMB 30,000,000). The construction of the TRT Project was completed and put into operation in February 2007. In October 2007, the Company terminated the Joint-Operation Agreement with Yingfeng. TCH became fully entitled to all the rights, titles, benefits and interests of the TRT Project and receives monthly rental payments of approximately $117,000 (equivalent to RMB 900,000) from Xingtai for a lease term of five years. At the end of the lease term, TCH will transfer all the rights and titles of the TRT Project to Xingtai without cost.

On September 21, 2007, the Company’s subsidiary, TCH changed its name to “Shanghai TCH Energy Technology Co., Ltd.”

 
28

 
In November 2007, TCH signed a cooperative agreement with Shengwei Group for a Cement Waste Heat Power Generator Project. TCH will build two sets of 12MW pure low temp cement waste heat power generator systems for its two 2500 tons per day cement manufacturing lines in Jin Yang and a 5,000 tons per day cement manufacturing line in Tong Chuan.   Total investment will be approximately $12,593,000 (93 million RMB).  At the end of 2008, construction of the Power Generator Project in Tong Chuan was completed at a total cost of approximately $6,191,000 (RMB 43,000,000) and put into operation.  The ownership of the power generator system belongs to Tong Chuan from the date the system is put into service.  TCH is responsible for the daily maintenance and repair of the system, and charges Tong Chuan the monthly electricity fee based on the actual power generated by the system at 0.4116 RMB per KWH for an operating period of five years with the assurance from Tong Chuan of proper functioning of 5000t/d cement manufacturing line and not less than 7440 hrs/yr heat providing hours to the electricity generator system.  Shengwei Group has collateralized the cement manufacturing line in Tongchuan to guarantee its obligations to provide the minimum electricity income from the power generator system under the agreement during the operating period. At the end of the five years operating period, TCH will have no further obligations under the cooperative agreement.
 
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Basis of presentation
 
These accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for annual financial statements.
 
Basis of consolidation
 
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CREG and, its subsidiaries, Sifang Holdings, TCH, and TCH’s subsidiaries Xi'an TCH Energy Tech Co., Ltd. (“Xi’an TCH”) and Xingtai Huaxin Energy Tech Co., Ltd. (“Huaxin”). Xi’an TCH and Huaxin engage in the same business as TCH. Substantially all of the Company's revenues are derived from the operations of TCH and its subsidiaries, which represent substantially all of the Company’s consolidated assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
Use of estimates
 
In preparing these consolidated financial statements, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the balance sheets and revenues and expenses during the period reported. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
Cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost and represent cash on hand, demand deposits placed with banks or other financial institutions and all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less as of the purchase date of such investments.
 
Accounts receivable and concentration of credit risk
 
Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amounts and do not bear interest. The Company extends unsecured credit to its customers in the ordinary course of business but mitigates the associated risks by performing credit checks and actively pursuing past due accounts. The Company does not require collateral or other security to support these receivables. The Company conducts periodic reviews of its clients' financial condition and customer payment practices to minimize collection risk on accounts receivable.
 
An allowance for doubtful accounts is established and determined based on managements’ assessment of known requirements, aging of receivables, payment history, the customer’s current credit worthiness and the economic environment. As of each of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company had an accounts receivable allowance of $0.

 
29

 


Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of accounts receivable, leases, accounts payable, convertible notes and other receivables. The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheets for these financial instruments are a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the short period of their maturity, The convertible notes rate of  interest is equal to the  current market rate of interest.
 
The operations of the Company are located in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company's business, financial condition, and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic, and legal environments in the PRC, as well as by the general state of the PRC economy.
 
Inventory
 
Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost of work in progress and finished goods comprises direct material cost, direct production cost and an allocated portion of production overheads (See Note 5).
 
Property and equipment
 
Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred; additions, renewals and betterments are capitalized. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is included in operations. Depreciation of property and equipment is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated lives ranging from 5 to 20 years as follows:
 
Building
  20 years
Vehicle
 2 - 5 years
Office and Other Equipment
 2 - 5 years
Software
 2 - 3 years

Impairment of long-life assets
 
In accordance with SFAS 144, the Company reviews its long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be fully recoverable. If the total of the expected undiscounted future net cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of the asset. There has been no impairment as of December 31, 2008 and 2007.
 
Sales-type leasing and related revenue recognition
 
The Company leases TRT and CHPG systems to its customers. The Company usually will transfer all benefits, risks and ownership of the TRT and CHPG systems to its customers at the end of each lease term.  In one system, the Company transferred the ownership of the power generated system at the time of the system put into operation.  The Company’s investment in these projects is recorded as investment in sales-type leases in accordance with SFAS No. 13, “Accounting for Leases” and its various amendments and interpretations. The Company manufactures and constructs the TRT and CHPG systems and power generated system, and finances its customers for the selling price of the systems.  The sales and cost of goods sold are recognized at the point of sale. The investment in sales-type leases consists of the sum of the total minimum lease payments receivable less unearned interest income and estimated executory cost. Unearned interest income is amortized to income over the lease term as to produce a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in the lease.
 
Cost of sales
 
Cost of sales consists primarily of the direct material of the power generating system and expenses incurred directly for project construction for sales-type leasing; and rental expenses for two pieces of power generation equipment for the operating lease.

 
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Income taxes
 
The Company utilizes SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
 
The Company does not have any significant deferred tax asset or liability that related to tax jurisdictions not covered by the tax holiday provided by Tax Bureau of the PRC.
 
The Company adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, (“FIN 48”), on January 1, 2007. As a result of the implementation of FIN 48, the Company made a comprehensive review of its portfolio of tax positions in accordance with recognition standards established by FIN 48. As a result of the implementation of FIN 48, the Company recognized no material adjustments to liabilities or stockholders equity. When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination.  Interest associated with unrecognized tax benefits are classified as interest expense and penalties are classified in selling, general and administrative expenses in the statements of income. The adoption of FIN 48 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
 
Statement of cash flows
 
In accordance with SFAS No. 95, “Statement of Cash Flows,” cash flows from the Company's operations are calculated based upon the local currencies. As a result, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the statement of cash flows may not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheet.
 
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
SFAS No. 107, “Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” requires the Company disclose estimated fair values of financial instruments.   The carrying amounts reported in the statements of financial position for current assets and current liabilities qualifying as financial instruments are a reasonable estimate of fair value.
 
Fair Value Measurements
 
On January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements.” SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement and enhances disclosures requirements for fair value measures.  The three levels are defined as follow:
 
 
·
Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
 
 
 
·
Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
 
 
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·
Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.
 
As of December 31, 2008, the Company did not identify any assets and liabilities that are required to be presented on the balance sheet at fair value.
 
Stock Based Compensation
 
The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation in accordance with SFAS No. 123R, “Share-Based Payment, an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 123.”  The Company recognizes in the statement of operations the grant-date fair value of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees and non-employees. 
 
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed similar to basic net income per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Diluted net earnings per share is based on the assumption that all dilutive convertible shares and stock options were converted or exercised. Dilution is computed by applying the treasury stock method. Under this method, options and warrants are assumed to be exercised at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later), and as if funds obtained thereby were used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period. The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted earnings per share:
 
   
For the Year
Ended
December 31, 
2008 (Restated)
   
For the Year
Ended 
December
31, 2007
 
Net income (loss) for basic weighted average shares
 
$
(2,219,664)
   
$
1,878,313
 
Net income (loss) for diluted weighted average shares *
   
(2,051,088)
     
1,941,327
 
                 
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic
   
32,095,814
     
18,160,385
 
Effect of dilutive securities:
               
Convertible notes
   
16,583,080
**
   
507,485
 
Options granted
   
1,023,304
     
188,027
 
                 
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted
   
49,702,199
     
18,855,897
 
                 
(Loss) Earnings per share – basic ***
 
$
(0.07
 
$
0.10
 
(Loss) Earnings per share – diluted ***
 
$
(0.07
 
$
0.10
 

* Interest expense on convertible note has been added back to net income for the computation of diluted earnings per share.
 
** Diluted weighted average shares outstanding includes estimated shares will be converted from the Second Note issued on April 29, 2008 with conversion price contingent upon future net profits.
*** These securities are anti-dilutive, therefore, basic and diluted loss per share are the same.

Foreign Currency Translation and Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
The Company’s functional currency is the Renminbi (“RMB”). For financial reporting purposes, RMB has been translated into United States dollars (“USD”) as the reporting currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average rate of exchange prevailing during the reporting period. Translation adjustments arising from the use of different exchange rates from period to period are included as a component of stockholders' equity as “Accumulated other comprehensive income”. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in income. There has been no significant fluctuation in the exchange rate for the conversion of RMB to USD after the balance sheet date.

 
32

 
 
The Company uses SFAS 130 “Reporting Comprehensive Income”. Comprehensive income is comprised of net income and all changes to the statements of stockholders’ equity, except those due to investments by stockholders, changes in paid-in capital and distributions to stockholders.
 
Segment Reporting
 
SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information” requires use of the “management approach” model for segment reporting. The management approach model is based on the way a company's management organizes segments within the company for making operating decisions and assessing performance. Reportable segments are based on products and services, geography, legal structure, management structure, or any other manner in which management disaggregates a company. SFAS 131 has no effect on the Company's financial statements as substantially all of the Company's operations are conducted in one industry segment. All of the Company's assets are located in the PRC.

 Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the manner of presentation in the current year.

New Accounting Pronouncements
 
Accounting for Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts
 
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 163, “Accounting for Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts, an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 60.”  The scope of this Statement is limited to financial guarantee insurance (and reinsurance) contracts, as described in this Statement, issued by enterprises included within the scope of Statement 60. Accordingly, this Statement does not apply to financial guarantee contracts issued by enterprises excluded from the scope of Statement 60 or to some insurance contracts that seem similar to financial guarantee insurance contracts issued by insurance enterprises (such as mortgage guaranty insurance or credit insurance on trade receivables). This Statement also does not apply to financial guarantee insurance contracts that are derivative instruments included within the scope of FASB Statement No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.” This Statement will not have an impact on the Company’s financial statements.
 
The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
 
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.”  This Statement identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States.  This Statement will not have an impact on the Company’s financial statements.
 
Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
 
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 (“SFAS 133”).  This Statement changes the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities. Entities are required to provide enhanced disclosures about (i) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (ii) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS 133 and its related interpretations, and (iii) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows.  Based on current conditions, the Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS 161 to have a significant impact on its results of operations or financial position.

 
33

 

Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements - An Amendment of ARB No. 51
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements - An Amendment of ARB No. 51” (“SFAS 160”). SFAS 160 establishes new accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. Specifically, this statement requires the recognition of a noncontrolling interest (minority interest) as equity in the consolidated financial statements and separate from the parent’s equity. The amount of net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest will be included in consolidated net income on the face of the income statement. SFAS 160 clarifies that changes in a parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in deconsolidation are equity transactions if the parent retains its controlling financial interest. In addition, this statement requires that a parent recognize a gain or loss in net income when a subsidiary is deconsolidated. Such gain or loss will be measured using the fair value of the noncontrolling equity investment on the deconsolidation date. SFAS 160 also includes expanded disclosure requirements regarding the interests of the parent and its noncontrolling interest. SFAS 160 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The Company expects SFAS 160 will have an impact on accounting for business combinations once adopted but the effect is dependent upon acquisitions at that time.
 
Business Combinations
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (Revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141R”). SFAS 141R will significantly change the accounting for business combinations. Under SFAS 141R, an acquiring entity will be required to recognize all the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a transaction at the acquisition-date fair value with limited exceptions. SFAS 141R will change the accounting treatment for certain specific items, including:
 
 
·
Acquisition costs will be generally expensed as incurred;
 
·
Noncontrolling interests (formerly known as “minority interests” - see SFAS 160 discussion above) will be valued at fair value at the acquisition date;
 
·
Acquired contingent liabilities will be recorded at fair value at the acquisition date and subsequently measured at either the higher of such amount or the amount determined under existing guidance for non-acquired contingencies;
 
·
In-process research and development will be recorded at fair value as an indefinite-lived intangible asset at the acquisition date;
 
·
Restructuring costs associated with a business combination will be generally expensed subsequent to the acquisition date; and
 
·
Changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances and income tax uncertainties after the acquisition date generally will affect income tax expense.
 
SFAS 141R also includes a substantial number of new disclosure requirements. SFAS 141R applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Earlier adoption is prohibited. Accordingly, since we are a calendar year-end company, we will continue to record and disclose business combinations following existing GAAP until January 1, 2009. We expect SFAS 141R will have an impact on accounting for business combinations once adopted but the effect is dependent upon acquisitions at that time.
 
Accounting for Nonrefundable Advance Payments for Goods or Services Received for use in Future Research and Development Activities
 
In June 2007, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. EITF 07-3, “Accounting for Nonrefundable Advance Payments for Goods or Services Received for use in Future Research and Development Activities” (“FSP EITF 07-3”), which addresses whether nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services that used or rendered for research and development activities should be expensed when the advance payment is made or when the research and development activity has been performed.  EITF 07-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. Management is currently evaluating the effect of this pronouncement on financial statements.

 
34

 
 
Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an Amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132R
 
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an Amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132R” (“SFAS 158”), which requires companies to recognize the underfunded or overfunded status of their defined benefit pension and other post-retirement plans as an asset or liability and to recognize changes in that funded status through comprehensive income in the year in which the changes occur.  As required, we adopted the recognition provision of SFAS No. 158 on December 31, 2006.
 
SFAS No. 158 also requires companies to measure the funded status of defined benefit pension and other post-retirement plans as of their year-end reporting date. The measurement date provisions of SFAS No. 158 were effective for us as of December 31, 2008. We applied the measurement provisions by measuring our benefit obligations as of September 30, 2007, our prior measurement date, and recognizing a pro-rata share of net benefit costs for the transition period from October 1, 2007 to December 31, 2008 as a cumulative effect of change in accounting principle in retained earnings as of December 31, 2008.  The adoption of the measurement date provisions of SFAS No. 158 did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations for the periods presented.
 
3. NET INVESTMENT IN SALES-TYPE LEASES
 
Under sales-type leases, TCH leased TRT systems to Xingtai and Zhangzhi, and CHPG systems to Tongchuan Shengwei with terms of five years, thirteen years and five years, respectively. The components of the net investment in sales-type leases as of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 are as follows:
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
Total future minimum lease payments receivables
 
$
41,431,868
   
$
27,162,928
 
Less: unearned interest income
   
(24,623,398
)
   
(18,147,167
)
Net investment in sales - type leases
 
$
16,808,470
   
$
9,015,761
 
                 
Current portion
 
$
1,970,591
   
$
1,081,981
 
Noncurrent portion
 
$
14,837,879
   
$
7,933,780
 

As of December 31, 2008, the future minimum rentals to be received on non-cancelable sales type leases are as follows:
 
Years ending December 31,
     
2009
 
$
6,387,813
 
2010
   
6,446,916
 
2011
   
6,446,916
 
2012
   
5,103,381
 
2013
   
4,981,241
 
Thereafter
   
12,065,601
 
   
$
41,431,868
 

4. PREPAID EXPENSES
 
Prepaid equipment rent for operating leases
 
On April 10, 2008, the Company leased energy recycling power generation equipment for operating under a one-year, non-cancellable lease for approximately $4,455,000 (RMB 31,000,000). At the end of this lease, the Company has the right to renew the lease for another four-year term at an aggregate price of approximately $10,940,000 (RMB 75,000,000). The lease payment of approximately $4,455,000 has been paid in full.

 
35

 
 
On the same day, the Company entered into a lease with a lessee to sublease the above power generation equipment under a one-year, non-cancellable lease for approximately $583,000 (RMB 4,000,000) per month with an option to renew. The lessee will pay a lower monthly lease payment of approximately $486,000 (RMB 3,333,000) if the Company renews the lease of the equipment from the ultimate lessor after one year.
 
On May 21, 2008, the Company leased energy recycling power generation equipment from the same lessor for operating under a one-year, non-cancellable lease for the amount of approximately $6,560,000 (RMB 45,000,000). At the end of the one-year lease term, the Company has the right to renew the lease for another four-year term at an aggregate price of approximately $17,500,000 (RMB 120,000,000) with a separate agreement. The lease payment of approximately $6,560,000 has been paid in full.
 
On the same day, the Company entered into a lease with the same lessee to sublease the above power generation equipment under a one-year, non-cancellable lease for approximately $887,000 (RMB 5,850,000) per month with an option to renew. The lessee will pay a lower monthly lease payment of approximately $729,000 (RMB 5,000,000) if the Company renews the lease of the equipment from the ultimate lessor after one year.
 
Prepaid expenses – other
 
Other prepaid expenses mainly consisted of prepayment for office rental, parking space, insurance and legal fees.  Other prepaid expenses were approximately $28,000 and $0 at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
5. INVENTORY
 
Inventory consisted of two equipment systems that will be used for TRT or CHPG projects in the amount of $10,534,633 and $9,870,315 at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
 
6. ADVANCE FOR EQUIPMENT
 
“Advance for equipment” represented advance payment of approximately $2,640,000 (RMB 18,000,000) to an independent contractor for constructing a power generation system and purchase of the equipment that will be used for the construction. At December 31, 2008, this project has been terminated; the advance for the equipment will be recorded as the Company’s inventory when the title of the equipment officially transfers to the Company.
 
7. CONSTRUCTION IN PROGRESS
 
“Construction in progress” represented the amount paid to an independent contractor for constructing two power generation systems for the total amount of approximately $10,046,935 (RMB 68,500,000). The construction project commenced in March 2008, and will take about 11 months to complete. Upon completion, the Company will sell the power that is generated from this system to predetermined customers (See Note 20).  At December 31, 2008, the construction in progress amounted $3,731,016, one system has completed construction and was put into operation, the other system is expected to be completed in March 2009.
 
8. TAX PAYABLE
 
“Tax payable” consisted of the following at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively:
 
   
2008 (Restated)
   
2007
 
Income tax payable
 
$
1,217,026
   
$
149,295
 
Business tax payable
   
86,692
     
41,126
 
Other taxes payable
   
10,231
     
1,561
 
   
$
1,313,949
   
$
191,982
 
 
 
36

 

9. ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER PAYABLES
 
“Accrued liabilities and other payables” consisted of the following at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively:
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
Other payables
 
$
     
$
   
            Cash advance from third parties
   
-
     
138,201
 
            Employee training and social insurance payable
   
125,323
     
17,646
 
            Consulting and legal expenses
   
371,125
     
371,000
 
            Payable to Yingfeng
   
1,676,878
     
1,747,958
 
            Deposit from lessee
   
1,024,252
     
-
 
Total other payables
   
3,197,578
     
2,274,805
 
Employee welfare payable
   
258,443
     
228,923
 
Accrued maintenance expense
   
72,506
     
61,998
 
Total
 
$
3,528,527
   
$
2,565,726
 

“Consulting and legal expenses” was the expenses paid by a third party on behalf of the Company, which will be repaid by the Company.  “Payable to Yingfeng” represented the cost of obtaining the ownership of two TRT projects that were previously owned by Yingfeng. “Deposit from lessee” represented deposit received for leasing out the power generation equipments.
 
10. ADVANCE FROM MANAGEMENT
 
“Advance from management” represented the balances due to a director for unsecured advances in 2007, which are interest free and repayable in the next twelve months. This advance was repaid as of December 31, 2008.

11. MINORITY INTEREST
 
“Minority interest” represented a 20% equity interest in Huaxin. Huaxin was incorporated in November 2, 2007, and engages in a similar business to TCH.
 
12. DEFERRED TAX
 
Deferred tax asset arose from accrued maintenance cost on two TRT machines and one CHPG machine that can be deducted for tax purposes in the future.
 
Deferred tax liability represented differences between the tax bases and book bases of sales-type leases.
 
As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, deferred tax asset (liability) consisted of the following:

   
2008 (Restated)
   
2007
 
Deferred tax asset - noncurrent
  $ 27,878     $ -  
Deferred tax liability - noncurrent
    (851,285 )     (342,540 )
Deferred tax liability, Net
  $ (823,407 )   $ (342,540 )

13. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
 
Since January 2007, the Company has phased out and scaled down most of its business of mobile phone distribution and provision of pager and mobile phone value-added information services. In the first and second quarters of 2007, the Company did not engage in any substantial transactions or activity in connection with these businesses. On May 10, 2007, the Company discontinued these businesses. Accordingly, the results of the discontinued operations have been segregated from continuing operations. The discontinued operations had an income of $28,457 for the year ended December 31, 2007. The income represented the write down of deferred revenue generated from the provision of pager value-added information services.

 
37

 
 
14. INCOME TAX
 
Effective January 1, 2008, the PRC government implemented a new corporate income tax law with a new maximum corporate income tax rate of 25%. The Company is governed by the Income Tax Law of the PRC concerning privately-run enterprises, which are generally subject to tax at a statutory rate of 25% (33% prior to 2008) on income reported in the statutory financial statements after appropriate tax adjustments.
 
The Company’s subsidiaries generated substantially all of its net income from its PRC operations. Shanghai TCH’s effective income tax rates for 2008 and 2007 are 18% and 15%, respectively. Xi’an TCH’s effective income tax rate for 2008 is 25%. Shanghai TCH and its subsidiaries Xi’an TCH and Xingtai Huaxin filed separate income tax returns.  Net income for 2008 would have been lower by approximately $0 as Shanghai TCH incurred net loss for the year and approximately $531,000 or $0.03 basic earnings per share for 2007, if the Company did not benefit the from the income tax exemption.
 
There is no income tax for companies domiciled in the Cayman Islands. Accordingly, the Company's consolidated financial statements do not present any income tax provisions related to Cayman Islands tax jurisdiction where Sifang Holding is domiciled.  At December 31, 2008 and 2007, Sifang Holing has net operating losses of approximately $23,000 and $246,000 incurred in nontaxable jurisdictions, respectively.
 
The parent company, China Recycling Energy Co., Ltd., is taxed in the U.S. and has net operating loss of approximately $1,633,000 at December 31, 2008. The pre-tax loss per book of the parent company was approximately $6.68 million, of which, $1.7 million was the tax effect of non-deductible expense of the beneficial conversion feature of the $5,000,000 note payable.  Net operating loss can be used to offset future taxable income and can be carried-forward for 20 years from the year in which the loss occurred.  A 100% valuation allowance has been established due to the uncertainty of its realization.

The following table reconciles the U.S. statutory rates to the Company’s effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively:
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
US statutory rates
   
(34)
%
   
34
%
Tax rate difference
   
(93.8)
%
   
(1
)%
Effect of tax holiday
   
4.5
%
   
(18
)%
Effect of tax on loss in nontaxable jurisdiction
   
1.4
%
   
1
%
Non-tax deductible expense - beneficial conversion feature
   
291.4
%
   
-
%
Valuation allowance
   
108.8
%
   
4
%
Tax per financial statements
   
278.3
%
   
20.0
%
 
15. CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE
 
On November 16, 2007, the Company entered into a Stock and Notes Purchase Agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) with Carlyle Asia Growth Partners III, L.P. (“CAGP”) and CAGP III Co. Investment, L.P. (together with CAGP, the “Investors”). Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Company sold to the Investors a 10% Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the principal amount of $5,000,000 (the “First Note”). Additionally, the Purchase Agreement provides for two subsequent transactions to be effected by the Company and the Investors, which include (i) the issuance by the Company and subscription by the Investors of a total of 4,066,706 shares of common stock of Company, at the price of $1.23 per share for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $5,000,000, and (ii) the issuance and sale by the Company to the Investors of a 5% Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the principal amount of $15,000,000 (the foregoing transactions, together with sale and purchase of the First Note, are hereinafter referred to as the “Offering”). The subsequent transactions are contingent upon the satisfaction of certain conditions specified in the Purchase Agreement, including entry into specified energy and recycling project contracts and the purchase of certain energy recycling systems.

 
38

 
 
The First Note bore interest at 10% per annum and matured on November 16, 2009. The principal face amount of the First Note, together with any interest thereon was convertible at the option of the holders at any time on or prior to maturity, into shares of the Company’s common stock at an initial conversion price of $1.23 per share (subject to anti-dilution adjustments). The First Note was subject to mandatory conversion upon the consummation of the aforementioned issuance and subscription of shares of the Company’s common stock under the Purchase Agreement. As more fully described in the First Note, the obligations of the Company under the First Note ranked senior to all other debt of the Company.
 
As collateral for the First Note, the President and a major shareholder of the Company pledged 9,653,471 shares of the Company’s common stock held by him to secure the First Note.
 
The First Note was considered to have an embedded beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”) because the conversion price was less than the quoted market price at the time of the issuance. Accordingly, the BCF of $5,000,000 was recorded separately as unamortized beneficial conversion feature based on the intrinsic value method. The First Note was recorded in the balance sheet at face value less the unamortized BCF. The terms for the First Note were amended on April 29, 2008 and the First Note was repaid in full on June 25, 2008, as described below.
 
On April 29, 2008, the Company entered into an Amendment to the Purchase Agreement with the Investors (the “Amendment”). Under the terms of the Amendment, (i) the Company issued and the Investors subscribed for 4,066,706 shares of common stock of the Company, at $1.23 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $5,002,048, as originally contemplated under the Agreement; (ii) the Investors converted the principal amount under the First Note (and waived any accrued interest thereon) into 4,065,040 shares of common stock of the Company at the conversion price per share of $1.23, pursuant to the terms and conditions of the First Note issued under the Agreement; (iii) the Company issued and sold to the Investors a new 5% Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the principal amount of $5,000,000 to the Investors (the “Second Note” and collectively with the First Note, the “Notes”); and (iv) the Company granted to the Investors an option to purchase a 5% Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the principal amount of $10,000,000, exercisable by the Investors at any time within nine (9) months following the date of the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Amendment (the “Option Note”).
 
The Second Note bears interest at 5% per annum and matures on April 29, 2011. The principal face amount of the Second Note, together with any interest thereon, is convertible at the option of the holders at any time on or after March 30, 2010 (or such earlier date if the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2009 are available prior to March 30, 2010) and prior to maturity, into shares of the Company's common stock at an initial conversion price that is tied to the after-tax net profits of the Company for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2009, as described in the Second Note. The Second Note is subject to mandatory conversion upon the listing of the Company's common stock on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations main-board, the New York Stock Exchange or the American Stock Exchange. As more fully described in the Second Note, the obligations of the Company under the Second Note shall rank senior to all other debt of the Company.

The Second Note and the Option Note are both secured by a security interest granted to the Investors pursuant to the Share Pledge Agreement.
 
The Second Note was not considered to have an embedded BCF because the conversion price and convertible shares are contingent upon future net profits.
 
On June 25, 2008, the Company and the Investors entered into a Rescission and Subscription Agreement (the “Rescission”) to rescind the conversion of the First Note and the issuance of conversion shares of Common Stock at the Second Closing pursuant to the Amendment. The Company and the Investors rescinded the conversion of the principal amount ($5,000,000) under the First Note into 4,065,040 shares of Common Stock, and the Investors waived accrued interest on the First Note. Accordingly, the interest expense which had accrued on the note has been recorded as a decrease in interest expense for the period. At the Rescission closing, the Company repaid in full the First Note and issued to the Investors 4,065,040 shares of Common Stock at the price of $1.23 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $5,000,000.  This was done through a cross receipt arrangement; the amortized portion of BCF was reversed to additional paid in stock.  The Company has now concluded that in substance the transaction resulted in the conversion of the first $5,000,000 note into common stock and that the remaining BCF of $3,472,603 at the date of conversion should have been expensed (see Note 21).

 
39

 
 
16. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLAN
 
On November 13, 2007, the Company approved the 2007 Non-statutory Stock Option Plan, which was later amended and restated in August 2008 (the “2007 Plan”), and granted stock options with an aggregate amount of 3,000,000 shares of the stock at $1.23 per share to acquire the Company's common stock at par value $0.001 to twenty (20) managerial and non-managerial employees under the 2007 Plan.
 
The vesting terms of options granted under the 2007 Plan is subject to the Non-Statutory Stock Option Agreements for managerial and non-managerial employees. For managerial employees, no more than 15% of the total stock options shall vest and become exercisable on the six month anniversary of the grant date. An additional 15% and 50% of the total stock options shall vest and become exercisable on the first and second year anniversary of the grant date, respectively. The remaining 20% of the total stock options shall vest and become exercisable on the third year anniversary of the grant date. For non-managerial employees, no more than 30% of the total stock options shall vest and become exercisable in the first year anniversary of the grant date. An additional 50% of the total stock options shall vest and become exercisable in the second year anniversary of the grant date. The remaining 20% of the total stock options shall vest and become exercisable on the third year anniversary of the grant date. Each stock option shall become vested and exercisable over a period of no longer than five years from the grant date.
 
Based on the fair value method under SFAS No. 123 (Revised) “Share Based Payment” (“SFAS 123(R)”), the fair value of each stock option granted is estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model has assumptions for risk free interest rates, dividends, stock volatility and expected life of an option grant. The risk free interest rate is based upon market yields for United States Treasury debt securities at a maturity near the term remaining on the option. Dividend rates are based on the Company’s dividend history. The stock volatility factor is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock price. The expected life of an option grant is based on management’s estimate as no options have been exercised in the Plan to date. The fair value of each option grant to employees is calculated by the Black-Scholes method and is recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period of each stock option award. For stock options issued, the fair value was estimated at the date of grant using the following range of assumptions:
 
The options vest over a period of three years and have a life of 5 years. The fair value of the options was calculated using the following assumptions: estimated life of five years, volatility of 100%, risk free interest rate of 3.76%, and dividend yield of 0%. No estimate of forfeitures was made as the Company has a short history of granting options.
 
Effective June 25, 2008, the Company cancelled all vested shares and accepted optionees’ forfeiture of any unvested shares underlying the currently outstanding options.
 
On August 4, 2008, the Company granted stock options to acquire an aggregate amount of 3,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001, at $0.80 per share to 17 employees under the 2007 Plan. The new awards were considered as replacement awards and were recorded in accordance with SFAS 123(R).The options vest over a period of three years and have a life of 5 years. The fair value of the options was calculated using the following assumptions: estimated life of five years, volatility of 100%, risk free interest rate of 2.76%, and dividend yield of 0%. No estimate of forfeitures was made as the Company has a short history of granting options. The options have been accounted for as a modification to the options which were cancelled on June 25, 2008.

The following table summarizes activity for employees in the Company’s Plan for 2008 and 2007:

 
40

 

   
Number of 
Shares
 
Average 
Exercise
Price per Share
 
Weighed 
Average
Remaining 
Contractual
Term in Years
Outstanding at December 31, 2006
 
-
         
Granted
 
3,000,000
 
$
1.23
 
5.00
Exercised
 
-
         
Forfeited
 
-
         
Outstanding at December 31, 2007
 
3,000,000
 
$
1.23
 
4.87
Granted
 
-
         
Exercised
 
-
         
Cancelled vested shares
 
450,000
   
1.23
 
Forfeited unvested shares
 
2,550,000
   
1.23
 
Granted
 
3,000,000
 
$
0.80
 
5.00
Exercised
 
-
         
Forfeited
 
-
         
Outstanding at December 31, 2008
 
3,000,000
 
$
0.80
 
4.48

During 2008, the Company recorded $1,436,533 compensation expense including amortized portion of incremental cost arising from the modification to the employee stock options. The weighted-average modification date fair value of stock options granted to employees for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $0.88 per share. There were no options exercised during 2008.
 
17. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
On April 29, 2008, the Company issued and the Investors subscribed for a total of 4,066,706 shares of common stock of the Company, at the price of $1.23 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $5,002,048 under the Purchase Agreement.
 
On June 25, 2008, the Company and the Investors entered into a Rescission and Subscription Agreement to rescind the conversion of the First Note and the issuance of conversion shares of Common Stock pursuant to Amendment to Stock and Notes Purchase Agreement dated on April 29, 2008. The Company and the Investors rescinded the conversion of the principal amount ($5,000,000) under the First Note into 4,065,040 shares of Common Stock and repaid the First Note in full. At the Rescission and Subscription Closing, the Company issued to the Investors, 4,065,040 shares of Common Stock at the price of $1.23 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $5,000,000.
 
The Company issued 3,278,259 shares of its Common Stock to one of the Company’s shareholders who paid $4,032,258 cash to the Company during 2008. This purchase was part of an investment agreement by the shareholder entered into in November 2007 to purchase the shares at $1.23 per share.
 
18. STATUTORY RESERVES
 
Pursuant to the new corporate law of the PRC effective January 1, 2006, the Company is now only required to maintain one statutory reserve by appropriating from its after-tax profit before declaration or payment of dividends. The statutory reserve represents restricted retained earnings.
 
Surplus Reserve Fund
 
The Company is required to transfer 10% of its net income, as determined under PRC accounting rules and regulations, to a statutory surplus reserve fund until such reserve balance reaches 50% of the Company’s registered capital.

 
41

 
 
The surplus reserve fund is non-distributable other than during liquidation and can be used to fund previous years’ losses, if any, and may be utilized for business expansion or converted into share capital by issuing new shares to existing shareholders in proportion to their shareholdings or by increasing the par value of the shares currently held by them, provided that the remaining reserve balance after such issuance is not less than 25% of the registered capital.
 
Common Welfare Fund
 
The common welfare fund is a voluntary fund that the Company can elect to transfer 5% to 10% of its net income to this fund. This fund can only be utilized on capital items for the collective benefit of the Company’s employees, such as construction of dormitories, cafeteria facilities, and other staff welfare facilities. This fund is non-distributable other than upon liquidation.
 
19. CONTINGENCIES
 
The Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to specific considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in the North America and Western Europe. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environments and foreign currency exchange. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.
 
The Company’s sales, purchases and expenses transactions are denominated in RMB and all of the Company’s assets and liabilities are also denominated in RMB. The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currencies under the current law. In China, foreign exchange transactions are required by law to be transacted only by authorized financial institutions. Remittances in currencies other than RMB may require certain supporting documentation in order to affect the remittance.
 
20. COMMITMENTS
 
Shengwei Cement Pure Low Temperature Waste Heat Power Generator Project
 
In November 2007, the Company signed a cooperative agreement with Shengwei Group for building two sets of 12MW pure low temp cement waste heat power generator systems for its two 2,500 tons per day cement manufacturing lines in Jin Yang and a 5,000 tons per day cement manufacturing line in Tong Chuan. At the end of 2008, the power generator system in Tong Chuan has completed construction and was put into operation; the other system in Jin Yang is expected to be complete in April 2009 with approximately $7,246,000 (RMB 53millon) in total investment.
 
Zhonggang Binhai 7-Megawatt Capacity Electricity Generation Project
 
In September, 2008, the Company signed a contract to recycle waste gas and waste heat for China Zhonggang Binhai Enterprise Ltd. (“Zhonggang Binhai”) in Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, a world-class nickel-iron manufacturing joint venture between China Zhonggang Group and Shanghai Baoshan Steel Group.  According to the contract, CREG will install a 7-Megawatt capacity electricity-generation system. It will be an integral part of the facilities designed to produce 80,000 tons of nickel-iron per year. The project will generate 7-megawatt capacity electricity and help reduce in excess of 20,000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions every year. The project is expected to start in March 2009 and be completed within 11 months with approximately $ 7.8 million (RMB 55 million) in total investment.  At December 31, 2008, this project had not commenced.

 21. RESTATEMENT OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The financial statements for the balance sheet date at December 31, 2008 and for the year ended December 31, 2008 were restated to reflect the following:
 
1.
Reclassification of current tax payable to deferred tax liability of $823,407 on sales-type leases as the Company did not separately record the deferred tax liability.

 
42

 
 
2.
The Company initially recorded the rescission of the first $5,000,000 convertible note and cross receipt transactions as the settlement of the note and the reacquisition of the BCF (See Note 15).  The Company’s management has now concluded that in substance the transaction resulted in the conversion of the first $5,000,000 note into common stock and should have been accounted for as such.  Accordingly, in accordance with EITF 00-27, the remaining BCF of $3,472,603 at the date of conversion has been expensed.

3.
The Company originally recorded the employee stock options expense for those options that had vested up to the cancellation date.  The Company’s management has now concluded that the options subsequently issued on August 4, 2008 should be accounted for as a modification of the options cancelled and forfeited on June 25, 2008.  Accordingly, the Company recorded the difference between the fair values of the options before and after the modification date as incremental cost and amortized such cost including the unamortized grant date fair value over the new vesting period.

These restatement adjustments did not have an impact to the statement of cash flows except the reclassification within the operating activities.

The following table presents the effects of the restatement adjustment on the accompanying consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2008:
 
   
As
Previously
         
Net
 
   
Reported
   
Restated
   
Adjustment
 
Con Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive loss
                       
                         
        General and administrative expenses
 
$
2,773,702
   
$
3,354,028
   
$
580,326
 
        Total operating expenses
 
$
2,773,702
   
$
3,354,028
   
$
580,326
 
        Interest expense
 
$
(1,314,689)
   
$
(4,787,292)
   
$
(3,472,603)
 
        Total non-operating expenses
 
$
(1,261,705)
   
$
(4,734,308)
   
$
(3,472,603)
 
(Loss) income before income taxes
 
$
3,466,102
   
$
(586,827)
   
$
(4,052,929)
 
        Net (Loss) income
 
$
1,833,265
   
$
(2,219,664)
   
$
(4,052,929)
 
                         
        Comprehensive (loss) income
 
$
3,697,592
   
$
(355,337)
   
$
(4,052,929)
 
                         
        Net (Loss) income per common share — basic
 
$
0.06
   
$
(0.07)
   
$
(0.13)
 
        Net (Loss) income per common share — diluted
 
$
0.03
   
$
(0.07)
   
$
(0.10)
 
 
The following table presents the effects of the restatement adjustment on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet for the date at December 31, 2008:
 
Consolidate Balance Sheet at December 31, 2008
 
As
Previously
Reported
   
Restated
   
Net
Adjustment
 
                   
        Tax payable
 
$
2,137,356
   
$
1,313,949
   
$
(823,407
)
        Deferred tax liability, net
 
$
-
   
$
823,407
   
$
823,407
 
        Total liabilities
 
$
12,679,694
   
$
12,679,694
   
$
-
 
        Additional paid in capital
 
$
30,475,360
   
$
34,528,289
   
$
4,052,929
 
R      Accumulated deficit
 
$
(2,991,995
)
 
$
(7,044,924
)
 
$
(4,052,929
)
        Total stockholders’ equity
 
$
32,421,663
   
$
32,421,663
   
$
-
 
 
 
43

 

ITEM 9.  CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
 
None.
 
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
 
Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations, including the possibility that a control can be circumvented or overridden and misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected in a timely manner. Also, because of changes in conditions, internal control effectiveness may vary over time. Accordingly, even an effective system of internal control will provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation.

On August 25, 2009, the Company announced that it had identified accounting issues and therefore that the Company’s previously issued audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, and unaudited interim consolidated financial statements as of and for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2009, September 30, 2008, and June 30, 2008 should no longer be relied upon.   The Company undertook a review to resolve these issues.  Management also carried out a new evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008 (the “Evaluation Date”), pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13(a). We carried out this evaluation using criteria similar to that proscribed by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control — Integrated Framework. Upon review, the Company concluded that it had not properly recorded the unamortized portion of the beneficial conversion feature of a convertible note that was issued by the Company to certain investors in 2007 and amended in 2008 and that it had not properly recorded a modification in to the Company’s stock option which occurred in 2008 (See Note 21).

Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.  In connection with the restatement of our financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K/A described in the introductory Explanatory Note, management reevaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the Evaluation Date. Based on that reevaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the Evaluation Date.

To address our concerns regarding these matters, the Company has retained a consultant to evaluate our internal control over financial reporting and to assist us in making improvements to the quality of our controls, policies and procedures. The Company also intends to form an Audit Committee of independent directors during the 2009 fiscal year to oversee the audit and internal audit process.  In addition, we are improving supervision, education, and training of our accounting staff and continue to search for more qualified financial personnel with experience with U.S. GAAP and U.S. public company reporting and compliance obligations.

 
44

 
 
This annual report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting.  Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to the temporary rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this annual report on Form 10-K.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting
 
We believe the many changes we adopted in 2008 to alleviate the material weaknesses we discovered in our internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 have been effective, but further progress is needed.  In order to correct previously identified material weaknesses, we implemented several steps during 2008 that materially improved our internal control over financial reporting:  
 
1.           Reorganized the accounting and finance department and hired additional accounting and operations personnel with adequate experience, skills and knowledge relating to complex, non-routine transactions;
 
2.           Engaged a new accounting firm and a new legal firm that have experience working with U.S. public companies;
 
3.           Hired a certified public accountant with expertise in U.S. accounting principles to prepare the Company’s annual report and quarterly reports;
 
4.           Established a complete management system based upon the Company’s internal accounting process to ensure that internal control over financial reporting is effective;
 
5.           Established an internal audit system with a senior accountant serving as the Company's internal auditor;
 
6.           Made amendments to the Company’s accounting system and working process (including internal audit and material transaction review and verification process) to strengthen the timeliness and efficiency of the Company’s internal controls; and
 
7.           Engaged an outside consultant to provide the company with independent internal control risk consulting services related to the company’s compliance efforts.
 
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.
 
Not applicable.
 
PART III
 
ITEM 10.     DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.
 
Executive Officers and Directors
 
The following table sets forth our executive officers and directors, their ages and the positions held by them:

Name
 
Age
 
Position
Guohua Ku
 
47
 
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board
Lanwei Li
 
27
 
Vice President and Director of Business and Director
Xinyu Peng
 
40
 
Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
Zhigang Wu
 
37
 
Vice President, Finance
Nicholas Shao
  
37
  
Director
 
 
45

 

 Guohua Ku was appointed as a director and Chief Executive Officer as of December 10, 2008.  He was elected Chairman of the Board as of April 1, 2009.  Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Ku served as a Senior Engineer for Yingfeng Technology from 2003 to 2007.  From 1979 to 2003, Mr. Ku served in multiple capacities for Shan Xi Blast Air Blower (Group) Co., Ltd., with his last position serving as a Senior Engineer.

Lanwei Li was appointed as a director on April 1, 2009.  He has been working for the Company and its predecessors since March 2005 and currently works as Vice President and Director of Business, supervising the departments of Business Development, Investment Management and Strategy Development.  He has a higher education background in investment economy management.

Xinyu Peng was appointed as Chief Financial Officer of the Company on August 4, 2008.  On December 10, 2008, the board of directors also appointed Mr. Peng as Secretary of the Company.  Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Peng served as Vice President of Tavistock Group Asia from January 2008 to July 2008. From November 2006 to July 2008, Mr. Peng served as Chief Financial Officer and Director of MOD3 Cabinets & Home LLC.  From July 2003 to July 2008, he served as Chief Financial Officer of Creative Hospitality Concepts LLC.

Zhigang Wu  was appointed as Vice President, Finance starting in October 2007 and is responsible for the securities and financing activities of the Company.  Before joining the Company, Mr. Wu worked for over a decade in the securities and investment industries with Guotai-Junan Securities and Zhongzheng Investment.  Mr. Wu received a bachelor degree from Inner-Mongolia Finance & Economy University in 1998, with a major in international finance.

Nicholas Shao was appointed as a director of the Company on June 3, 2008, in accordance with the terms of the Shareholders Agreement between the Company and, among other parties, certain Carlyle Asia Growth investors.  Mr. Shao is currently a Vice President of Carlyle Asia Growth and has worked in several international investment banks, including Credit Suisse First Boston and Morgan Stanley as a senior manager and analyst.

Board of Directors and Board Committees
 
Our board of directors currently consists of three directors. All directors hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until their successors have been duly elected and qualified. There are no membership qualifications for directors. Further, there are no share ownership qualifications for directors unless so fixed by us.  Currently, we have not established any committees of our board of directors. The entire board of directors oversees and acts on all matters relevant to the Company.  No directors receive any compensation for their services on our board of directors.

Pursuant to the Shareholders Agreement, dated as of November 16, 2007, between the Company and, amongst other parties, Carlyle Asia Growth Partners III, L.P. and CAGP III Co-Investment, L.P.  CAGP III Co-Investment, L.P. has the right to appoint up to two members of the board of directors for so long as they remain investors in the Company.  There are no other arrangements or understandings pursuant to which our directors are selected or nominated.

Code of Ethics
 
We have adopted a written Code of Business Conduct that applies to all of our employees, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer.  A printed copy of our code of ethics is available without charge by sending a written request to: China Recycling Energy Corporation, ATTN: Corporate Secretary, Suite 909, Tower B, Chang An International Building, No. 88 Nan Guan Zheng Jie, Xi An City, Shan Xi Province, China 710068.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, and regulations of the SEC thereunder, require our directors, officers and persons who own more than 10% of our common stock, as well as certain affiliates of those persons, to file with the SEC initial reports of their ownership of our common stock and subsequent reports of changes in that ownership. Directors, officers and persons owning more than 10% of our common stock are required by SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file. Based solely on our review of the copies of these reports received by us and on information provided by the reporting persons, we believe that during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, our directors, officers and owners of more than 10% of our common stock complied with all applicable filing requirements, except that: (i) Zhigang Wu reported one cancellation of stock options and one stock option grant late on Form 4; (ii) Nicholas Shao filed late an initial statement of beneficial ownership on Form 3 upon his appointment to the board of directors; and (iii) Xinyu Peng filed late an initial statement of beneficial ownership on Form 3 upon his appointment as Chief Financial Officer.  Additionally, individuals who ceased to be reporting persons under Section 16(a) during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 complied with all applicable filing requirements, except that: Xiaogang Zhu and Guanyu Wu each reported one cancellation of stock options and one stock option grant late on Form 4.

 
46

 

ITEM 11. 
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.
 
Summary Compensation Table
 
The following table summarizes the compensation earned during the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, by those individuals who served as our Chief Executive Officer during any part of 2008.  None of our other executive officers had total compensation in excess of $100,000 during 2008.  The individuals listed in the table below are referred to as the “named executive officers.”

Name and Principal Position
 
Year
 
Salary
($)
 
Bonus
 ($)
   
Stock
Awards
 ($)
   
Option
Awards
 ($) (3)
   
Non-Equity
Incentive
Plan
Compensation
 ($)
   
Nonqualified
Deferred
Compensation
Earnings
($)
   
All
Other
Compensation
 ($)
   
Total
 ($)
 
Guohua Ku (1)
 
2008
 
 1,498
   
     
     
     
     
     
   
$
1,498
 
Chief Executive Officer
and Chairman of the Board
 
2007
   
   
   
  
                                                 
                                                                   
Guangyu Wu (2)
 
2008
 
 66, 676
   
     
   
$
81,644
     
     
     
   
$
148,320
 
Former Chief Executive
Officer
 
2007
 
$
33,399
   
     
   
$
11,440
     
     
     
   
$
44,839
 

(1) 
Guohua Ku was appointed as Chief Executive Officer of the Company on December 10, 2008.
(2) 
Guangyu Wu resigned as Chief Executive Officer of the Company on December 10, 2008.
(3) 
The amounts in this column reflect the dollar amounts recognized for financial statement reporting purposes for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payments” (“SFAS 123(R)”), for awards made under our 2007 Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan, which include amounts from awards granted in and prior to 2008.  Assumptions used in the calculation of these amounts are included in Note 16 to our audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008.

Employment Contracts
 
Mr. Guohua Ku entered into an employment agreement with the Company to serve as its CEO on December 10, 2008.  The agreement has a two year term starting December 10, 2008 that includes a one-month probationary period.  Mr. Ku receives a salary of RMB 15,850 per month (approximately $27,880 annuallly) for his service as CEO.  The Company may terminate the employment agreement at any time without any prior notice to the employee if Mr. Ku engages in certain conduct, including, but not limited to (i) the violation of the rules and procedures of the Company or breaches the terms of the employment agreement; (ii) neglecting his duties or engages in malpractice for personal gain that damages the Company; (iii) entering into an employment relationship with any other employer during his employment with the Company; or (iv) the commission of a crime. The Company also may terminate the employment agreement upon 30 days written notice to Mr. Ku under certain other conditions, including but not limited to (i) inability to continue position due to non-work-related sickness or injury; (ii) incompetence; and (iii) the need for mass layoffs or other restructuring.   Mr. Ku has the right to resign at any time upon a 30 days written notice to the Company.

 
47

 

Mr. Guangyu Wu entered into an employment agreement with the Company to serve as its CEO on October 26, 2007.  Mr. Wu subsequently resigned his position as CEO of the Company as of December 10, 2008.  The agreement had a two year term starting October 26, 2007 and included a one-month probationary period. Mr. Wu was receiving a salary of RMB 40,200 per month (approximately $70,700 annuallly) at the time of his resignation, but his employment agreement otherwise had identical terms as Mr. Ku’s agreement described above.
 
Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan
 
The board of directors of the Company approved the China Recycling Energy Corporation 2007 Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan (the “2007 Plan”) on November 13, 2007, which permits grants of nonstatutory stock options to all employees, officers, directors and consultants of the Company or its affiliates.  The 2007 Plan authorizes the issuance of up to 3,000,000 shares of common stock of the Company and by its terms will expire on November 12, 2012.  On November 13, 2007, the Board authorized the issuance of options on all 3,000,000 shares to eligible recipients under the 2007 Plan.  These stock options had a five year term and an exercise price of $1.23 per share.

The recipients of the outstanding stock options forfeited all of the outstanding options as of  June 25, 2008 and new grants of stock options equaling 3,000,000 shares were made on August 4, 2008.  These new stock options were granted with an exercise price of $0.80 per share, the fair market value of the Company's common stock on the date of grant.  The options vested as to 15% on the six-month anniversary of the date of grant; vest 15% on the first anniversary of the date of grant; vest 50% on the second anniversary of the date of grant; and vest the remaining 20% on the third anniversary of the date of grant. The stock options also become fully vested upon termination without cause, termination for good reason, termination due to death or disability or in the event of a change in control of the Company.  The stock options expire on the fifth anniversary of the date of grant.
 
Outstanding Equity Awards at 2008 Fiscal Year-End

The following table sets forth information regarding all outstanding equity awards held by the named executive officers at December 31, 2008.
 
   
 
Option Awards
   
Stock Awards
 
Name
 
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
(#)
Exercisable
   
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
(#)
Unexercisable
   
Equity
Incentive Plan
Awards:
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Unearned
Options (#)
 
Option
Exercise
Price
($)
   
Option
Expiration
Date
   
Number
of Shares or
Units of
Stock That
Have Not
Vested (#)
   
Market
Value of
Shares or
Units of
Stock
That
Have Not
Vested
($ )
   
Equity
Incentive
Plan
Awards:
Number of
Unearned
Shares,
Units or
Other
Rights That
Have Not
Vested (#)
   
Equity Incentive
Plan Awards:
Market or Payout
Value of
Unearned
Shares, Units or
Other Rights That
Have Not Vested
($)
 
Guohua Ku
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Guangyu Wu
   
30,000
     
170,000
(1)
   
   
$
0.80
   
8/4/2013
     
     
     
     
 
 
(1)
The stock options, granted on August 4, 2008, vest as to 15% on February 2, 2009; 15% on August 4, 2009; 50% on August 4, 2010; and the remaining 20% on August 4, 2011.

Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control
 
Employment Agreements
 
Certain of our executive officers, including our CEO, have an employment agreement with the Company.  Under Chinese law, we may only terminate employment agreements without cause and without penalty by providing notice of non-renewal one month prior to the date on which the employment agreement is scheduled to expire. If we fail to provide this notice or if we wish to terminate an employment agreement in the absence of cause, as defined in the agreement, then we are obligated to pay the employee one month’s salary for each year we have employed the employee. We are, however, permitted to terminate an employee for cause without penalty pursuant to the employment agreement.   

 
48

 
 
2007 Plan
 
To date, the only awards outstanding under the 2007 Plan are stock options.  Under the terms of the 2007 Plan, recipients have the right to exercise any vested options, in whole or in part, at any time after termination during the remaining term of the option; provided, however, that the Board may specify a shorter period for exercise following termination as it deems reasonable and appropriate.   In the event of the recipient’s termination of employment by the Company without “cause” (as may be defined in an employment agreement), by the recipient for “good reason” (as may be defined in an employment agreement), or by reason of the recipient's death or “disability” (as may be defined in an employment agreement), any portion of the option that has not become vested and exercisable as of the date of the termination of employment shall immediately vest and become exercisable.  The 2007 Plan is more fully described above in the narrative following the Summary Compensation Table.
 
Director Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the compensation earned by or awarded during the 2008 fiscal year to each director that is not a named executive officer and who served on our board of directors in the 2008 fiscal year.

Name
 
Fees Earned
or Paid in
Cash ($)
   
Stock
Awards
($)
   
Option
Awards
($) (1)
   
Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
($)
   
Nonqualified
Deferred
Compensation
Earnings
   
All Other
Compensation
($)
   
Total
($)
 
Nicholas Shao
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
0
 
                                                         
Hanqiao Zheng
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
0
 
 

(1)
The aggregate number of option awards outstanding at December 31, 2008 for each of the directors was as follows:

Name
 
Options
 
Nicholas Shao
   
0
 
Hanqiao Zheng
   
0
 

Non-employee directors are eligible to participate in the 2007 Plan at the discretion of the full board of directors.  If grants are made to the directors, the options are granted at fair market value, as defined in the 2007 Plan, and are subject to the normal terms and conditions of the 2007 Plan.  No grants of stock options were made to non-employee directors in 2008.
 
ITEM 12.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND  RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS.
 
The following table sets forth certain information by each of the following as of March 31, 2009 (unless otherwise indicated) regarding their beneficial ownership of our common stock: (i) each person who is known by us to beneficially own more than 5% of our common stock; (ii) our Chief Executive Officer and the other individual named in the Summary Compensation Table in this Amended Report; (iii) each of our directors; and (iv) all of our directors and executive officers as of March 31, 2009 as a group.
 
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and includes voting and investment power with respect to the securities.  Except as indicated by footnote, and subject to applicable community property laws, the persons and entities named in the table below have sole voting and sole investment power with respect to the shares set forth opposite each person’s or entity’s name.
 
 
49

 

Shares of common stock subject to options currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days after March 31, 2009 are deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of the person holding such options, but are not deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.
 
   
Common Stock
Beneficially Owned
Beneficial Owner
 
Number of
Shares
   
Percent of
Class
Carlyle Asia Growth Partners III, L.P.
c/o The Carlyle Group
1001 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 220
Washington, DC 20004
   
8,131,746
(1)
   
22.32
%
Guohua Ku
   
18,706,843
     
51.36
%
Lanwei Li
   
45,000
(2)
   
*
 
Zhigang Wu
   
18,000
(3)
   
*
 
Nicholas Shao
   
     
*
 
All executive officers and directors as a group (5 persons)
   
18,769,843
(4)
   
51.53
%
 

Less than one percent (1%) of outstanding shares.
(1) 
The amount shown and the following information is derived from Amendment No. 1 to the Schedule 13D filed jointly by (i) Carlyle Asia Growth Partners III, L.P., a Cayman Islands exempt limited partnership (“Asia Growth”), (ii) CAGP III Co-Investment, L.P., a Cayman Islands exempt limited partnership (“Co-Investment”), (iii) CAGP General Partner, L.P., a Cayman Islands exempt limited partnership, (iv) CAGP Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempt company, (v) TC Group Cayman, L.P., a Cayman Islands exempt limited partnership (vi) TCG Holdings Cayman, L.P., a Cayman Islands exempt limited partnership, and (vii) Carlyle Offshore Partners II, Ltd. A Cayman Islands exempt company, reporting beneficial ownership as of April 29, 2008. According to the amended Schedule 13D, Asia Growth and Co-Investment are the record owners of 7,785,415 and 346,331 shares of Common Stock, respectively. CAGP General Partner, L.P. is the general partner of both Asia Growth and Co-Investment. CAGP General Partner, L.P. may, by virtue of it being the general partner of Asia Growth and Co-Investment, be deemed to have voting control and investment discretion over the securities held by Asia Growth and Co-Investment. The sole general partner of CAGP General Partner, L.P. is CAGP Ltd., a limited company that is wholly owned by TC Group Cayman, L.P. The sole general partner of TC Group Cayman, L.P. is TCG Holdings Cayman, L.P. Carlyle Offshore Partners II, Ltd. Is the sole general partner of TCG Holdings Cayman, L.P. Each of CAGP Ltd., TC Group Cayman, L.P., TCG Holdings Cayman, L.P., and Carlyle Offshore Partners II, Ltd. May, by virtue of being the owner or general partner, as the case may be, of CAGP General Partner, L.P., CAGP Ltd., TC Group Cayman, L.P., and TCG Holdings Cayman, respectively, be deemed to have voting control and investment discretion over the securities held by Asia Growth and Co-Investment.
(2) 
Includes 18,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of options.
(3) 
Includes 45,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of options.
(4) 
Includes 18,706,843 shares held directly and 63,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of options.
 
 
50

 

EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION
 
The following table sets forth certain information as of December 31, 2008 with respect to securities authorized for issuance under the 2007 Plan, which was not approved by our shareholders.
 
Plan Category
 
Number of securities to be
issued upon exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
(a)
   
Weighted-
average exercise
price of
outstanding
options,
warrants and
 rights (b)
   
Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance under
equity compensation plans
(excluding securities
reflected in column (a))
(c)
 
Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders
   
     
     
 
Equity compensation plans not approved by shareholders
   
3,000,000
   
$
0.80
     
0
 
Total
   
3,000,000
   
$
0.80
     
0
 
 
ITEM 13.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.
 
The board of directors must approve all related party transactions. All material related party transactions will be made or entered into on terms that are no less favorable to us than can be obtained from unaffiliated third parties.
 
Director Independence

Nicholas Shao is our only non-employee director, and our board of directors has determined he is independent pursuant to the listing rules of NASDAQ.

ITEM 14. 
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.
 
The following table shows the fees earned by Goldman Park Kurland Mohidin, for the audit and other services provided that related to the fiscal years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007.  We have not yet selected our auditor for the 2009 fiscal year. 
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
Audit Fees
 
$
155,000
   
$
137,500
 
Audit-Related Fees
   
18,170
     
16,000
 
Tax Fees
   
     
 
All Other Fees
   
     
 
Total
 
$
173,170
   
$
153,500
 

Audit Fees.  Audit fees for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 were for professional services rendered for audits of our annual financial statements and review of our quarterly financial statements included in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.
 
Audit-Related Fees.  Audit-related fees for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2008  and 2007 were for assurance and related services related to the audit and review of our annual financial statements and our quarterly financial statements included in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.
 
The board of directors has determined that the provision of these services is compatible with the maintenance of the independence of Goldman Park Kurland Mohidin.

 
51

 

The board of directors has adopted a policy to pre-approve all audit and permissible non-audit services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm.  The pre-approval policy is detailed as to the particular service or category of services and is subject to a specific budget.  The services include the engagement of the independent registered public accounting firm for audit services and audit-related services.

            If we need to engage the independent registered public accounting firm for other services, which are not considered subject to the general pre-approval as described above, then the board of directors must approve such specific engagement as well as the projected fees.  If the timing of the project requires an expedited decision, then the Board has delegated to the Chairman the authority to pre-approve such engagement, subject to fee limitations.  The Chairman must report all such pre-approvals to the entire board of directors for ratification at the next meeting.

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.

(a)
Financial Statements and Schedules

(1)
The following Financial Statements are filed as a part of this report:
 
(i)
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
 
(ii)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2008 (Restated)  and December 31, 2007.
(iii)
Consolidated Statements of Operations  for the years ended December 31, 2008 (Restated) and December 31, 2007.
(iv)
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2008 (Restated) and December 31, 2007.
 
(v)
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2008 (Restated) and December 31, 2007.
(vi)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

(2)
All schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and, therefore, have been omitted.

(3)
Exhibits. Please see the list of exhibits set forth on our Exhibit Index, which is incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
52

 

SIGNATURES
 
In accordance with the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
China Recycling Energy Corporation
     
Date: September 28, 2009
By: 
/s/  Guohua Ku
   
Guohua Ku
   
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer
     
Date: September 28, 2009
By: 
/s/  Xinyu Peng
   
Xinyu Peng
   
Chief Financial Officer and Secretary

In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, this report has been signed below on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on September 25, 2009.
 
Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Guohua Ku and Xinyu Peng as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, each acting alone, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K/A and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, each acting alone, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all said attorneys-in-fact and agents, each acting alone, or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.
 
Signature
 
Title
     
/s/  Guohua Ku
 
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief
Guohua Ku
 
Executive Officer
     
/s/ Nicholas Shao
 
Director
Nicholas Shao
   
     
/s/ Lanwei Li
 
Director
Lanwei Li
   
 
 
53

 

EXHIBIT INDEX

The following documents listed below that have been previously filed with the SEC (1934 Act File No. 000-12536 unless otherwise stated) are incorporated herein by reference:
 
Exhibit
No.
 
Description
     
3.1
 
Articles of Incorporation (filed as Exhibit 3.05 to the Company’s Form 10-KSB for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001).
     
3.2
 
Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 8, 2004).
     
4.1
 
Common Stock Specimen (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form SB-2 dated November 12, 2004; 1934 Act File No. 333-120431).
     
10.1
 
Securities Exchange Agreement by and among Boulder Acquisitions, Inc., Sifang Holdings Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Sifang Holdings Co., Ltd., dated effective as of June 23, 2004 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 8, 2004).
     
10.2
 
Share Purchase Agreement, dated January 24, 2007, between individual purchasers and shareholders of China Digital Wireless, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 11.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 26, 2007).
     
10.3
 
TRT Joint Operation Agreement between Shanghai TCH Energy Technology Co. Ltd. and Xi’an Yingfeng Science and Technology Co.Ltd. dated February 1, 2007 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 9, 2007)
     
10.4
 
Share exchange agreement between Hanqiao Zheng and Guohua Ku and a group of individual purchasers all of whom are shareholders of Xi’an Yingfeng Science and Technology Co. Ltd (“Yingfeng”) signed on February 22, 2007 and consummated on June 21, 2007 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 22, 2007)
     
10.5
 
Share exchange agreement between Guohua Ku and a group of individual purchasers all of whom are shareholders of Xi’an Yingfeng Science and Technology Co. Ltd (“Yingfeng”) dated on August 22, 2007 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 23, 2007).
     
10.6
 
Share purchase agreement between Guohua Ku and Hanqiao Zheng dated on August 23, 2007 2007 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 24, 2007).
     
10.7
 
Assets Transfer and Share Issuance Agreement between Company and Hanqiao Zheng on November 14, 2007 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 16, 2007).
     
10.8
 
Share Purchase Agreement between Company and Hanqiao Zheng on November 16, 2007 (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 16, 2007).
     
10.9
 
Stock and Notes Purchase Agreement, between Company, Sifang Holdings Co., Ltd., Shanghai TCH Energy Technology Co., Ltd.  and Carlyle Asia Growth Partners III, L.P. and CAGP III Co-Investment, L.P. dated November 16, 2007 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 16, 2007).
     
10.10
 
Amendment to Stock and Notes Purchase Agreement, between Company, Sifang Holdings Co., Ltd., Shanghai TCH Energy Technology Co., Ltd. and Carlyle Asia Growth Partners III, L.P. and CAGP III Co-Investment, L.P. dated April 29, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 30, 2008).
 

 
Exhibit
No.
 
Description
     
10.11
 
Form of 10% Secured Convertible Promissory Note issued by the Company to Carlyle Asia Growth Partners III, L.P. and CAGP III Co-Investment, L.P. (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 16, 2007).
     
10.12
 
Form of 5% Secured Convertible Promissory Note issued by the Company to Carlyle Asia Growth Partners III, L.P. and CAGP III Co-Investment, L.P (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 16, 2007).
     
10.13
 
5% Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the aggregate principal amount of $5,000,000 issued by the Company to Carlyle Asia Growth Partners III, L.P. and CAGP III Co-Investment, L.P 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 30, 2008).
     
10.14
 
Form of 5% Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the aggregate principal amount of $10,000,000 issued by the Company to Carlyle Asia Growth Partners III, L.P. and CAGP III Co-Investment, L.P 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 30, 2008).
     
10.15
 
Registration Rights Agreement between Company and Carlyle Asia Growth Partners III, L.P. and CAGP III Co-Investment, L.P. dated November 16, 2007 (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 16, 2007).
     
10.16
 
Shareholders Agreement between Company and Carlyle Asia Growth Partners III, L.P., CAGP III Co-Investment, L.P., Hanqiao Zheng and Ping Sun dated November 16, 2007 (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 16, 2007).
     
10.17
 
Form of Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement - Manager Employee (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 8, 2008). *
     
10.18
 
2007 Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 dated November 13, 2007).*
     
10.19
 
Form of Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement - Non-Manager Employee (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 8, 2008).
     
14.1
 
Code of Ethics (filed  as  an  Exhibit  14 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the period ending December 31, 2004).
     
21.1
 
Subsidiaries (filed as Exhibit 21.1 on the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 16, 2007).
     
23.1
 
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (filed as Exhibit 23.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed March 23, 2009).
     
31.1
 
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) certification of the Chief Executive Officer. †
     
31.2
 
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) certification of the Chief Financial Officer. †
     
32.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. †
     
32.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. †
 
* Management contract, compensatory plan or arrangement.
 
† Exhibits filed herewith.