Document


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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
ý
 
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017
or
¨
 
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                      
Commission file number 1-442
 
THE BOEING COMPANY
 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
 
91-0425694
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
 
 
100 N. Riverside Plaza, Chicago, IL
 
60606-1596
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
 
(312) 544-2000
 
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer  
ý
 
Accelerated filer
¨
Non-accelerated filer
¨
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company  
¨
Emerging growth company
¨
 
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No ý
As of October 18, 2017, there were 595,578,523 shares of common stock, $5.00 par value, issued and outstanding.

1

THE BOEING COMPANY
FORM 10-Q
For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2017
INDEX
Part I. Financial Information (Unaudited)
Page
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
Part II. Other Information
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
Item 1A.
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
Item 5.
 
 
 
Item 6.
 
 
 

Table of Contents

Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30
  
2017

 
2016

 
2017


2016

Sales of products

$60,484

 

$63,563

 

$21,825



$21,494

Sales of services
7,540

 
7,722

 
2,484


2,404

Total revenues
68,024

 
71,285

 
24,309


23,898

 


 


 
 
 
 
Cost of products
(49,856
)
 
(55,117
)
 
(18,050
)

(17,907
)
Cost of services
(5,730
)
 
(6,163
)
 
(1,910
)

(1,983
)
Boeing Capital interest expense
(53
)
 
(46
)
 
(27
)

(14
)
Total costs and expenses
(55,639
)
 
(61,326
)
 
(19,987
)

(19,904
)
 
12,385

 
9,959

 
4,322


3,994

Income from operating investments, net
169

 
220

 
49


69

General and administrative expense
(2,888
)
 
(2,617
)
 
(915
)

(923
)
Research and development expense, net
(2,418
)
 
(3,901
)
 
(767
)

(857
)
Loss on dispositions, net


 
(10
)
 


 
(1
)
Earnings from operations
7,248

 
3,651

 
2,689


2,282

Other income, net
94

 
41

 
45


2

Interest and debt expense
(267
)
 
(227
)
 
(87
)

(81
)
Earnings before income taxes
7,075

 
3,465

 
2,647


2,203

Income tax (expense)/benefit
(2,010
)
 
(201
)
 
(794
)

76

Net earnings

$5,065



$3,264

 

$1,853



$2,279

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per share

$8.37

 

$5.09

 

$3.10



$3.64

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per share

$8.27

 

$5.04

 

$3.06



$3.60

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash dividends paid per share

$4.26

 

$3.27

 

$1.42



$1.09

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average diluted shares (millions)
612.8

 
647.9

 
606.3


632.7

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

1
Table of Contents

The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30
 
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Net earnings

$5,065

 

$3,264

 

$1,853

 

$2,279

Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Currency translation adjustments
121

 
(3
)
 
44

 
(10
)
Unrealized gain on certain investments, net of tax of $0, ($1), $0, and ($2)

 
1

 

 
2

Unrealized gain on derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain arising during period, net of tax of ($61), ($30), ($22), and ($7)
111

 
54

 
40

 
13

Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net earnings, net of tax of ($24), ($32), ($5), and ($8)
44

 
58

 
10

 
15

Total unrealized gain on derivative instruments, net of tax
155

 
112

 
50

 
28

Defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service credits included in net periodic pension cost, net of tax of $47, $23, $16, and $8
(84
)
 
(42
)
 
(27
)
 
(15
)
Net actuarial gain/(loss) arising during the period, net of tax of ($1), $215, $0, and $0
3

 
(388
)
 

 
(1
)
Amortization of actuarial losses included in net periodic pension cost, net of tax of ($217), ($217), ($72), and ($72)
394

 
392

 
131

 
131

Settlements and curtailments included in net income, net of tax of $0, ($7), $0, and $0

 
14

 

 

Pension and postretirement (cost)/benefit related to our equity method investments, net of tax of $1, ($2), $0, and ($1)
(2
)
 
4

 

 
2

Total defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefits, net of tax
311

 
(20
)
 
104

 
117

Other comprehensive income, net of tax
587

 
90

 
198

 
137

Comprehensive loss related to noncontrolling interests
(1
)
 
(1
)
 

 
(1
)
Comprehensive income, net of tax

$5,651

 

$3,353

 

$2,051

 

$2,415

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2
Table of Contents

The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
September 30
2017

 
December 31
2016

Assets
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents

$8,569

 

$8,801

Short-term and other investments
1,463

 
1,228

Accounts receivable, net
10,644

 
8,832

Current portion of customer financing, net
435

 
428

Inventories, net of advances and progress billings
43,031

 
43,199

Total current assets
64,142

 
62,488

Customer financing, net
3,039

 
3,773

Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $17,401 and $16,883
12,712

 
12,807

Goodwill
5,344

 
5,324

Acquired intangible assets, net
2,523

 
2,540

Deferred income taxes
298

 
332

Investments
1,270

 
1,317

Other assets, net of accumulated amortization of $509 and $497
1,679

 
1,416

Total assets

$91,007

 

$89,997

Liabilities and equity
 
 
 
Accounts payable

$12,718

 

$11,190

Accrued liabilities
14,008

 
14,691

Advances and billings in excess of related costs
26,695

 
23,869

Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt
988

 
384

Total current liabilities
54,409

 
50,134

Deferred income taxes
2,884

 
1,338

Accrued retiree health care
5,826

 
5,916

Accrued pension plan liability, net
15,514

 
19,943

Other long-term liabilities
1,449

 
2,221

Long-term debt
9,780

 
9,568

Shareholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Common stock, par value $5.00 – 1,200,000,000 shares authorized; 1,012,261,159 shares issued
5,061

 
5,061

Additional paid-in capital
6,754

 
4,762

Treasury stock, at cost - 414,910,219 and 395,109,568 shares
(41,745
)
 
(36,097
)
Retained earnings
44,052

 
40,714

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(13,036
)
 
(13,623
)
Total shareholders’ equity
1,086

 
817

Noncontrolling interests
59

 
60

Total equity
1,145

 
877

Total liabilities and equity

$91,007

 

$89,997

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3
Table of Contents

The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)
Nine months ended September 30
  
2017


2016

Cash flows – operating activities:
 

 
Net earnings

$5,065



$3,264

Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
 

 
Non-cash items – 
 

 
Share-based plans expense
151


144

Depreciation and amortization
1,487


1,364

Investment/asset impairment charges, net
75


61

Customer financing valuation expense/(benefit)
4


(5
)
Loss on dispositions, net


 
10

Other charges and credits, net
190


219

Changes in assets and liabilities – 
 

 
Accounts receivable
(1,983
)

(517
)
Inventories, net of advances and progress billings
254


4,334

Accounts payable
778


1,366

Accrued liabilities
112


82

Advances and billings in excess of related costs
2,828


(1,717
)
Income taxes receivable, payable and deferred
1,465


(725
)
Other long-term liabilities
25


(67
)
Pension and other postretirement plans
(550
)

144

Customer financing, net
635


(195
)
Other
(96
)

(95
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
10,440


7,667

Cash flows – investing activities:
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment additions
(1,304
)
 
(2,014
)
Property, plant and equipment reductions
30

 
14

Contributions to investments
(2,847
)
 
(928
)
Proceeds from investments
2,612

 
956

Purchase of distribution rights
(131
)
 
 
Other
4

 
8

Net cash used by investing activities
(1,636
)
 
(1,964
)
Cash flows – financing activities:
 
 
 
New borrowings
876

 
1,323

Debt repayments
(83
)
 
(836
)
Repayments of distribution rights and other asset financing



(24
)
Stock options exercised
291

 
192

Employee taxes on certain share-based payment arrangements
(118
)
 
(83
)
Common shares repurchased
(7,500
)
 
(6,501
)
Dividends paid
(2,575
)
 
(2,084
)
Net cash used by financing activities
(9,109
)
 
(8,013
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
73

 
(6
)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(232
)
 
(2,316
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
8,801

 
11,302

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

$8,569

 

$8,986

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4
Table of Contents

The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity
(Unaudited)
 
Boeing shareholders
 
 
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
Common
Stock

Additional
Paid-In
Capital

Treasury Stock

Retained
Earnings

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Non-
controlling
Interests

Total

Balance at January 1, 2016

$5,061


$4,834


($29,568
)

$38,756


($12,748
)

$62


$6,397

Net earnings
 
 
 
3,264

 
(1
)
3,263

Other comprehensive income, net of tax of ($51)
 
 
 
 
90

 
90

Share-based compensation and related dividend equivalents
 
158

 
(15
)
 
 
143

Treasury shares issued for stock options exercised, net
 
(30
)
222

 
 
 
192

Treasury shares issued for other share-based plans, net
 
(154
)
84

 
 
 
(70
)
Common shares repurchased
 
 
(6,501
)
 
 
 
(6,501
)
Cash dividends declared ($2.18 per share)
 
 
 
(1,364
)
 
 
(1,364
)
Balance at September 30, 2016

$5,061


$4,808


($35,763
)

$40,641


($12,658
)

$61


$2,150

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2017

$5,061


$4,762


($36,097
)

$40,714


($13,623
)

$60


$877

Net earnings
 
 
 
5,065

 
(1
)
5,064

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax of ($255)
 
 
 
 
587

 
587

Share-based compensation and related dividend equivalents
 
168

 
(18
)
 
 
150

Treasury shares issued for stock options exercised, net
 
(80
)
370

 
 
 
290

Treasury shares issued for other share-based plans, net
 
(178
)
64

 
 
 
(114
)
Treasury shares contributed to pension plans
 
2,082

1,418

 
 
 
3,500

Common shares repurchased
 
 
(7,500
)
 
 
 
(7,500
)
Cash dividends declared ($2.84 per share)
 
 
 
(1,709
)
 
 
(1,709
)
Balance at September 30, 2017

$5,061


$6,754


($41,745
)

$44,052


($13,036
)

$59


$1,145

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5
Table of Contents

The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Summary of Business Segment Data
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30

2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Airplanes

$41,263

 

$43,630

 

$14,982



$15,200

Defense, Space & Security
15,520

 
17,281

 
5,470


5,751

Global Services
10,638

 
10,508

 
3,568


3,506

Boeing Capital
234

 
211

 
70


63

Unallocated items, eliminations and other
369

 
(345
)
 
219

 
(622
)
Total revenues

$68,024

 

$71,285

 

$24,309



$23,898

Earnings from operations:
 
 
 
 



Commercial Airplanes

$3,648

 

$804

 

$1,483



$1,293

Defense, Space & Security
1,670

 
1,443

 
559


564

Global Services
1,639

 
1,609

 
506


524

Boeing Capital
87

 
36

 
23


13

Segment operating profit
7,044

 
3,892

 
2,571

 
2,394

Unallocated items, eliminations and other
204

 
(241
)
 
118

 
(112
)
Earnings from operations
7,248

 
3,651

 
2,689


2,282

Other income, net
94

 
41

 
45


2

Interest and debt expense
(267
)
 
(227
)
 
(87
)

(81
)
Earnings before income taxes
7,075

 
3,465

 
2,647


2,203

Income tax (expense)/benefit
(2,010
)
 
(201
)
 
(794
)

76

Net earnings

$5,065

 

$3,264

 

$1,853



$2,279

This information is an integral part of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. See Note 17 for further segment results.

6
Table of Contents

The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
Note 1 – Basis of Presentation
The condensed consolidated interim financial statements included in this report have been prepared by management of The Boeing Company (herein referred to as “Boeing”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation are reflected in the interim financial statements. The results of operations for the period ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year. The interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements, including the notes thereto, included in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K. As described in Note 17, effective July 1, 2017, we now operate in four reportable segments: Commercial Airplanes (BCA); Defense, Space & Security (BDS), Global Services (BGS) and Boeing Capital (BCC). Amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation.
Standards Issued and Not Yet Implemented
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The new standard is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The standard will require lessees to report most leases as assets and liabilities on the balance sheet, while lessor accounting will remain substantially unchanged. The standard requires a modified retrospective transition approach for existing leases, whereby the new rules will be applied to the earliest year presented. We do not expect the new lease standard to have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
We plan to adopt ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers effective January 1, 2018 and apply it retrospectively to all periods presented. This comprehensive new standard will supersede existing revenue recognition guidance and require revenue to be recognized when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard also requires expanded disclosures regarding revenue and contracts with customers.
We expect adoption of the new standard will have a material impact on our income statement and balance sheet. We currently expect that most of our defense contracts at BDS and BGS that currently recognize revenue as deliveries are made or based on the attainment of performance milestones will recognize revenue under the new standard as costs are incurred. Certain military derivative aircraft contracts in our BCA business will also recognize revenue as costs are incurred. The new standard will not change the total amount of revenue recognized on these contracts, only accelerate the timing of when the revenue is recognized. We expect a corresponding acceleration in timing of cost of sales recognition for these contracts resulting in a decrease in Inventories from long-term contracts in progress upon adoption of the new standard.
We do not expect the new standard to affect revenue recognition or the use of program accounting for commercial airplane contracts in our BCA business. We will continue to recognize revenue for these contracts at the point in time when the customer accepts delivery of the airplane.
We have completed a preliminary assessment of the impact of adopting the new standard on previously reported 2016 and prior period results. Because revenue will be recognized under the new standard as costs are incurred for most of our defense and military derivative airplane contracts, approximately $10,000 of revenues and $1,000 of associated earnings will be accelerated into years ending prior to the January 1, 2016 effective date. Therefore, as of January 1, 2016, we expect to record a cumulative adjustment to increase retained earnings by approximately $1,000. We expect consolidated revenues previously reported in 2016 to decrease by approximately $1,000, primarily reflecting $2,000 of lower revenues on several defense contracts that currently recognize revenues as deliveries are made, partially offset by higher KC-46A Tanker revenues. These revenue changes are expected to reduce previously reported segment operating

7
Table of Contents

earnings by approximately $400. We expect the reduction in 2016 segment operating earnings to be offset by increases in unallocated pension income. We expect adoption will increase total assets and total liabilities by approximately $20,000 primarily due to classifying certain advances from customers as liabilities under the new standard, whereas these advances were netted against inventory under existing Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). We expect the new standard to have no impact on cash flows reported in 2016. The impact of the new standard on our 2016 financial results may not be representative of the impact on our financial position and operating results in subsequent years.
We are continuing to analyze the impact of the new standard on the Company’s revenue contracts, comparing our current accounting policies and practices to the requirements of the new standard. The new standard requires additional detailed disclosures regarding the company’s contracts with customers, including disclosure of remaining unsatisfied performance obligations, in the first quarter 2018 which we are continuing to assess. We are also identifying and implementing changes to the Company’s business processes, systems and controls to support adoption of the new standard in 2018 and recasting prior periods’ financial information.
Use of Estimates
Management makes assumptions and estimates to prepare financial statements in conformity with GAAP. Those assumptions and estimates directly affect the amounts reported in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Significant estimates for which changes in the near term are considered reasonably possible and that may have a material impact on the financial statements are disclosed in these Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Contract accounting is used for development and production activities predominantly by BDS and for defense contracts at BGS. Contract accounting involves a judgmental process of estimating total sales and costs for each contract resulting in the development of estimated cost of sales percentages. Changes in estimated revenues, cost of sales and the related effect on operating income are recognized using a cumulative catch-up adjustment which recognizes in the current period the cumulative effect of the changes on current and prior periods based on a contract’s percent complete. Net cumulative catch-up adjustments to prior years' earnings, including reach-forward losses, across all contracts were as follows:
 
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30
 
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Decrease to Earnings from Operations

($39
)
 

($656
)
 

($302
)
 

($69
)
Decrease to Diluted EPS

($0.05
)
 

($0.95
)
 

($0.35
)
 

($0.11
)
Note 2 – Earnings Per Share
Basic and diluted earnings per share are computed using the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation method that determines earnings per share for common shares and participating securities. The undistributed earnings are allocated between common shares and participating securities as if all earnings had been distributed during the period. Participating securities and common shares have equal rights to undistributed earnings.
Basic earnings per share is calculated by taking net earnings, less earnings available to participating securities, divided by the basic weighted average common shares outstanding.
Diluted earnings per share is calculated by taking net earnings, less earnings available to participating securities, divided by the diluted weighted average common shares outstanding.

8
Table of Contents

The elements used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share were as follows:
(In millions - except per share amounts)
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30
 
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Net earnings

$5,065

 

$3,264

 

$1,853

 

$2,279

Less: earnings available to participating securities
4

 
3

 
2

 
3

Net earnings available to common shareholders

$5,061

 

$3,261

 

$1,851

 

$2,276

Basic
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
605.6

 
641.2

 
598.3

 
625.5

Less: participating securities
0.8

 
1.0

 
0.7

 
0.9

Basic weighted average common shares outstanding
604.8

 
640.2

 
597.6

 
624.6

Diluted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
605.6

 
641.2

 
598.3

 
625.5

Dilutive potential common shares(1)
7.2

 
6.7

 
8.0

 
7.2

Diluted weighted average shares outstanding
612.8

 
647.9

 
606.3

 
632.7

Less: participating securities
0.8

 
1.0

 
0.7

 
0.9

Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding
612.0

 
646.9

 
605.6

 
631.8

Net earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic

$8.37

 

$5.09

 

$3.10

 

$3.64

Diluted
8.27

 
5.04

 
3.06

 
3.60

(1) 
Diluted earnings per share includes any dilutive impact of stock options, restricted stock units, performance-based restricted stock units and performance awards.
The following table includes the number of shares that may be dilutive potential common shares in the future. These shares were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect was either antidilutive or the performance condition was not met.
(Shares in millions)
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30
 
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Performance awards
4.6

 
7.0

 
3.4

 
6.2

Performance-based restricted stock units
0.6

 
2.8

 
0.1

 
3.1

Note 3 – Income Taxes
Our effective income tax rates were 28.4% and 30.0% for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 and 5.8% and (3.4)% for the same periods in the prior year. The effective tax rate of 30.0% for the third quarter of 2017 is higher than the nine-month rate primarily due to lower discrete tax benefits in the third quarter compared with the first and second quarters of 2017. The 2017 effective tax rates are higher than the prior year primarily due to discrete tax benefits recorded in the third quarter of 2016 related to tax basis adjustments of $440 and the settlement of the 2011-2012 federal tax audit of $177. Additionally, 2017 year-to-date and projected pre-tax earnings are higher compared to prior year. Furthermore, higher share-based compensation tax benefits were recognized for the nine and three month periods of 2017 compared with the prior year.

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Federal income tax audits have been settled for all years prior to 2013. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is currently examining the 2013-2014 tax years. We are also subject to examination in major state and international jurisdictions for the 2001-2016 tax years. We believe appropriate provisions for all outstanding tax issues have been made for all jurisdictions and all open years.
Note 4 – Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following:
 
September 30
2017

 
December 31
2016

Long-term contracts in progress

$13,608

 

$12,801

Commercial aircraft programs
52,871

 
52,048

Commercial spare parts, used aircraft, general stock materials and other
6,068

 
5,446

Inventory before advances and progress billings
72,547

 
70,295

Less advances and progress billings
(29,516
)
 
(27,096
)
Total

$43,031

 

$43,199

Long-Term Contracts in Progress
Long-term contracts in progress includes Delta launch program inventory that is being sold at cost to United Launch Alliance (ULA) under an inventory supply agreement that terminates on March 31, 2021. The inventory balance was $120 (net of advances of $187 and $220) at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. See indemnifications to ULA in Note 9.
Included in inventories are capitalized precontract costs of $847 and $729 primarily related to KC-46A Tanker and C-17 at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
Commercial Aircraft Programs
At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, commercial aircraft programs inventory included the following amounts related to the 787 program: $31,664 and $32,501 of work in process (including deferred production costs of $25,948 and $27,308), $2,745 and $2,398 of supplier advances, and $3,334 and $3,625 of unamortized tooling and other non-recurring costs. At September 30, 2017, $22,584 of 787 deferred production costs, unamortized tooling and other non-recurring costs are expected to be recovered from units included in the program accounting quantity that have firm orders and $6,698 is expected to be recovered from units included in the program accounting quantity that represent expected future orders.
At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, commercial aircraft programs inventory included $173 and $284 of unamortized tooling costs related to the 747 program. At September 30, 2017, $163 of unamortized tooling costs are expected to be recovered from units included in the program accounting quantity that have firm orders and $10 is expected to be recovered from units included in the program accounting quantity that represent expected future orders. At September 30, 2017, the program accounting quantity has 18 undelivered aircraft, including one already completed aircraft that has not been sold and is being remarketed.
Commercial aircraft programs inventory included amounts credited in cash or other consideration (early issue sales consideration) to airline customers totaling $2,951 and $3,117 at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

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Note 5 – Customer Financing
Customer financing primarily relates to the Boeing Capital (BCC) segment and consisted of the following:
 
September 30
2017

 
December 31
2016

Financing receivables:
 
 
 
Investment in sales-type/finance leases

$1,400

 

$1,482

Notes
762

 
807

Total financing receivables
2,162

 
2,289

Operating lease equipment, at cost, less accumulated depreciation of $361 and $359
1,327

 
1,922

Gross customer financing
3,489

 
4,211

Less allowance for losses on receivables
(14
)
 
(10
)
Total

$3,475

 

$4,201

We determine a receivable is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect amounts due according to the original contractual terms. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we individually evaluated for impairment customer financing receivables of $50 and $55, of which $39 and $44 were determined to be impaired. We recorded no allowance for losses on these impaired receivables as the collateral values exceeded the carrying values of the receivables.
The adequacy of the allowance for losses is assessed quarterly. Three primary factors influencing the level of our allowance for losses on customer financing receivables are customer credit ratings, default rates and collateral values. We assign internal credit ratings for all customers and determine the creditworthiness of each customer based upon publicly available information and information obtained directly from our customers. Our rating categories are comparable to those used by the major credit rating agencies.
Our financing receivable balances by internal credit rating category are shown below: 
Rating categories
September 30
2017

 
December 31
2016

BBB

$1,200

 

$1,324

BB
508

 
538

B
405

 
383

CCC
49

 
44

Total carrying value of financing receivables

$2,162

 

$2,289

At September 30, 2017, our allowance related to receivables with ratings of B, BB and BBB. We applied default rates that averaged 16.8%, 8.1% and 1.0%, respectively, to the exposure associated with those receivables.
Customer Financing Exposure
Customer financing is collateralized by security in the related asset. The value of the collateral is closely tied to commercial airline performance and overall market conditions and may be subject to reduced valuation with market decline. Declines in collateral values could result in asset impairments, reduced finance lease income, and an increase in the allowance for losses. Our customer financing collateral is concentrated in 747-8 and out-of-production aircraft. Generally, out-of-production aircraft have experienced greater collateral value declines than in-production aircraft.

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The majority of customer financing carrying values are concentrated in the following aircraft models:
 
September 30
2017

 
December 31
2016

717 Aircraft ($274 and $301 accounted for as operating leases)

$1,114

 

$1,282

747-8 Aircraft ($769 and $1,086 accounted for as operating leases)
769

 
1,111

MD-80 Aircraft (accounted for as sales-type finance leases)
236

 
259

757 Aircraft ($39 and $43 accounted for as operating leases)
233

 
246

747-400 Aircraft ($94 and $149 accounted for as operating leases)
178

 
149

777 Aircraft ($13 and $0 accounted for as operating leases)
166

 
165

767 Aircraft ($27 and $85 accounted for as operating leases)
103

 
170

737 Aircraft ($94 and $103 accounted for as operating leases)
99

 
103

Note 6 – Investments
Our investments, which are recorded in Short-term and other investments or Investments, consisted of the following:
 
September 30
2017

 
December 31
2016

Equity method investments (1)

$1,226

 

$1,242

Time deposits
858

 
665

Available-for-sale investments
513

 
537

Restricted cash & cash equivalents(2)
106

 
68

Other investments
30

 
33

Total

$2,733

 

$2,545

(1) 
Dividends received were $195 and $47 for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 and $249 and $83 during the same periods in the prior year.
(2) 
Reflects amounts restricted in support of our workers’ compensation programs, employee benefit programs, and insurance premiums.
Note 7 – Other Assets
Sea Launch
At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Other assets included $356 of receivables related to our former investment in the Sea Launch venture which became payable by certain Sea Launch partners following Sea Launch’s bankruptcy filing in June 2009. The net amounts owed to Boeing by each of the partners are as follows: S.P. Koroley Rocket and Space Corporation Energia of Russia (RSC Energia) – $223, PO Yuzhnoye Mashinostroitelny Zavod of Ukraine – $89 and KB Yuzhnoye of Ukraine – $44.
On February 1, 2013, we filed an action in the United States District Court for the Central District of California seeking reimbursement from the other Sea Launch partners. On May 12, 2016, the court issued a judgment in favor of Boeing.
In December 2016, we reached an agreement which we believe will enable us to recover the outstanding receivable balance from RSC Energia over the next several years. The agreement was subject to certain contingencies which were resolved during the first quarter of 2017. We continue to pursue collection efforts against the former Ukrainian partners in connection with the court judgment and continue to believe the partners have the financial wherewithal to pay and intend to pursue vigorously all of our rights and remedies. In the event we are unable to secure reimbursement from the Sea Launch partners, we could incur additional charges. Our current assessment as to the collectability of these receivables takes into account the current economic conditions in Russia and Ukraine, although we will continue to monitor the situation.


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Spirit AeroSystems
As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Other assets included $143 of receivables related to indemnifications from Spirit AeroSystems, Inc. (Spirit) for costs incurred related to pension and retiree medical obligations of former Boeing employees who were subsequently employed by Spirit. During the fourth quarter of 2014, Boeing filed a complaint against Spirit in the Delaware Superior Court seeking to enforce our rights to indemnification and to recover from Spirit amounts incurred by Boeing for pension and retiree medical obligations. In the second quarter of 2017, the court ruled against Boeing and denied our claim. After a court ruling on legal fees, Boeing plans to appeal to the Delaware Supreme Court and we believe we have substantial arguments on appeal. We expect to fully recover from Spirit.
Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies
Environmental
The following table summarizes environmental remediation activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.
 
2017

 
2016

Beginning balance – January 1

$562

 

$566

Reductions for payments made
(25
)
 
(33
)
Changes in estimates
6

 
43

Ending balance – September 30

$543

 

$576

The liabilities recorded represent our best estimate or the low end of a range of reasonably possible costs expected to be incurred to remediate sites, including operation and maintenance over periods of up to 30 years. It is reasonably possible that we may incur charges that exceed these recorded amounts because of regulatory agency orders and directives, changes in laws and/or regulations, higher than expected costs and/or the discovery of new or additional contamination. As part of our estimating process, we develop a range of reasonably possible alternate scenarios that includes the high end of a range of reasonably possible cost estimates for all remediation sites for which we have sufficient information based on our experience and existing laws and regulations. There are some potential remediation obligations where the costs of remediation cannot be reasonably estimated. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the high end of the estimated range of reasonably possible remediation costs exceeded our recorded liabilities by $873 and $857.
Product Warranties
The following table summarizes product warranty activity recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.
 
2017

 
2016

Beginning balance – January 1

$1,414

 

$1,485

Additions for current year deliveries
183

 
293

Reductions for payments made
(193
)
 
(258
)
Changes in estimates
(213
)
 
(103
)
Ending balance – September 30

$1,191

 

$1,417

Commercial Aircraft Commitments
In conjunction with signing definitive agreements for the sale of new aircraft (Sale Aircraft), we have entered into trade-in commitments with certain customers that give them the right to trade in used aircraft at a specified price upon the purchase of Sale Aircraft. The probability that trade-in commitments will be exercised is determined by using both quantitative information from valuation sources and qualitative information from

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other sources. The probability of exercise is assessed quarterly, or as events trigger a change, and takes into consideration the current economic and airline industry environments. Trade-in commitments, which can be terminated by mutual consent with the customer, may be exercised only during the period specified in the agreement, and require advance notice by the customer.
Trade-in commitment agreements at September 30, 2017 have expiration dates from 2017 through 2026. At September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016 total contractual trade-in commitments were $1,676 and $1,485. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we estimated that it was probable we would be obligated to perform on certain of these commitments with net amounts payable to customers totaling $94 and $126 and the fair value of the related trade-in aircraft was $94 and $126.
Financing Commitments
Financing commitments related to aircraft on order, including options and those proposed in sales campaigns, and refinancing of delivered aircraft, totaled $13,106 and $14,847 as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The estimated earliest potential funding dates for these commitments as of September 30, 2017 are as follows:
  
Total

October through December 2017

$305

2018
3,439

2019
3,437

2020
1,862

2021
1,585

Thereafter
2,478

 

$13,106

As of September 30, 2017, all of these financing commitments related to customers we believe have less than investment-grade credit. We have concluded that no reserve for future potential losses is required for these financing commitments based upon the terms, such as collateralization and interest rates, under which funding would be provided.
Standby Letters of Credit and Surety Bonds
We have entered into standby letters of credit and surety bonds with financial institutions primarily relating to the guarantee of our future performance on certain contracts. Contingent liabilities on outstanding letters of credit agreements and surety bonds aggregated approximately $3,656 and $4,701 as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
Commitments to ULA
We and Lockheed Martin Corporation have each committed to provide ULA with additional capital contributions in the event ULA does not have sufficient funds to make a required payment to us under an inventory supply agreement. As of September 30, 2017, ULA’s total remaining obligation to Boeing under the inventory supply agreement was $120. See Note 4.
F/A-18
At September 30, 2017, our backlog included 31 F/A-18 aircraft under contract with the U.S. Navy. We have begun work or authorized suppliers to begin working on aircraft beyond those already in backlog in anticipation of future orders. At September 30, 2017, we had $94 of capitalized precontract costs and $733 of potential termination liabilities to suppliers associated with F/A-18 aircraft not yet on order.

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United States Government Defense Environment Overview
In May 2017, the U.S. administration submitted its fiscal year 2018 budget request, which calls for funding the U.S. Department of Defense (U.S. DoD) base budget at a level that is $52 billion or 10% above the spending caps in the Budget Control Act of 2011 (The Act). In addition, three of the four congressional defense oversight committees have endorsed a U.S. DoD budget topline that is higher than the administration’s fiscal year 2018 request. However, The Act, which mandates limits on U.S. government discretionary spending, remains in effect through fiscal year 2021. As a result, continued budget uncertainty and the risk of future sequestration cuts will remain unless The Act is repealed or significantly modified by Congress.
Funding timeliness also remains a risk. In September 2017, a Continuing Resolution was enacted that extends U.S. government funding at fiscal year 2017 rates through December 8, 2017. If Congress is unable to pass appropriations bills before the expiration of the current Continuing Resolution, a government shutdown could result which may have impacts above and beyond those resulting from budget cuts, sequestration impacts or program-level appropriations. For example, requirements to furlough employees in the U.S. DoD, the Department of Transportation, or other government agencies could result in payment delays, impair our ability to perform work on existing contracts, and/or negatively impact future orders. Alternatively, Congress may fund the remainder of fiscal year 2018 by passing one or more Continuing Resolutions; however, this could restrict the execution of certain program activities and delay new programs or competitions.
In addition, there continues to be uncertainty with respect to program-level appropriations for the U.S. DoD and other government agencies, including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), within the overall budgetary framework described above. Future budget cuts or investment priority changes could result in reductions, cancellations and/or delays of existing contracts or programs. Any of these impacts could have a material effect on the results of the Company’s operations, financial position and/or cash flows.
BDS Fixed-Price Development Contracts
Fixed-price development work is inherently uncertain and subject to significant variability in estimates of the cost and time required to complete the work. BDS fixed-price contracts with significant development work include Commercial Crew, U.S. Air Force (USAF) KC-46A Tanker, and commercial and military satellites. The operational and technical complexities of these contracts create financial risk, which could trigger termination provisions, order cancellations or other financially significant exposure. Changes to cost and revenue estimates could result in lower margins or material charges for reach-forward losses. For example, during the first and third quarters of 2017, we recorded additional reach-forward losses totalling $471 on the KC-46A Tanker program. Moreover, this and our other fixed-price development programs remain subject to additional reach-forward losses if we experience further technical or quality issues, schedule delays, or increased costs. 
KC-46A Tanker
In 2011, we were awarded a contract from the USAF to design, develop, manufacture and deliver four next generation aerial refueling tankers. This Engineering, Manufacturing and Development (EMD) contract is a fixed-price incentive fee contract valued at $4.9 billion and involves highly complex designs and systems integration. In 2016, the USAF authorized low rate initial production (LRIP) lots for 7 and 12 aircraft valued at $2.8 billion. In January 2017, the USAF authorized an additional LRIP lot for 15 aircraft valued at $2.1 billion. At September 30, 2017, we had approximately $320 of capitalized precontract costs and $735 of potential termination liabilities to suppliers.
Recoverable Costs on Government Contracts  
Our final incurred costs for each year are subject to audit and review for allowability by the U.S. government, which can result in payment demands related to costs they believe should be disallowed. We work with the U.S. government to assess the merits of claims and where appropriate reserve for amounts disputed. If we are unable to satisfactorily resolve disputed costs, we could be required to record an earnings charge and/or provide refunds to the U.S. government.

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Russia/Ukraine
We continue to monitor political unrest involving Russia and Ukraine, where we and some of our suppliers source titanium products and/or have operations. A number of our commercial customers also have operations in Russia and Ukraine. To date, we have not experienced any significant disruptions to production or deliveries. Should suppliers or customers experience disruption, our production and/or deliveries could be materially impacted.
747 Program
Lower-than-expected demand for large commercial passenger and freighter aircraft have continued to drive market uncertainties, pricing pressures and fewer orders than anticipated. We are currently producing at a rate of 0.5 aircraft per month. The program accounting quantity includes aircraft scheduled to be produced through 2019. We remain focused on obtaining additional orders and implementing cost-reduction efforts. We are currently evaluating several scenarios, including sales campaigns that may determine how long we continue the 747 program. If we are unable to obtain sufficient orders and/or market, production and other risks cannot be mitigated, we could record additional losses that may be material. Depending on market conditions, it is reasonably possible that we could decide to end production of the 747.
Note 9 – Arrangements with Off-Balance Sheet Risk
We enter into arrangements with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business, primarily in the form of guarantees.
The following table provides quantitative data regarding our third party guarantees. The maximum potential payments represent a “worst-case scenario,” and do not necessarily reflect amounts that we expect to pay. Estimated proceeds from collateral and recourse represent the anticipated values of assets we could liquidate or receive from other parties to offset our payments under guarantees. The carrying amount of liabilities represents the amount included in Accrued liabilities.
  
Maximum
Potential Payments
 
Estimated Proceeds from
Collateral/Recourse
 
Carrying Amount of
 Liabilities
 
September 30
2017

December 31
2016

 
September 30
2017

December 31
2016

 
September 30
2017

December 31
2016

Contingent repurchase commitments

$1,393


$1,306

 

$1,393


$1,306

 

$11


$9

Indemnifications to ULA:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contributed Delta program launch inventory
72

77

 
 
 
 
 
 
Contract pricing
261

261

 
 
 
 
7

7

Other Delta contracts
191

216

 
 
 
 


5

Credit guarantees
111

29

 
64

27

 
7

2

Contingent Repurchase Commitments The repurchase price specified in contingent repurchase commitments is generally lower than the expected fair value at the specified repurchase date. Estimated proceeds from collateral/recourse in the table above represent the lower of the contracted repurchase price or the expected fair value of each aircraft at the specified repurchase date.
Indemnifications to ULA In 2006, we agreed to indemnify ULA through December 31, 2020 against potential non-recoverability and non-allowability of $1,360 of Boeing Delta launch program inventory included in contributed assets plus $1,860 of inventory subject to an inventory supply agreement which ends on March 31, 2021. Since inception, ULA has consumed $1,288 of the $1,360 of inventory that was contributed by us and has yet to consume $72. Under the inventory supply agreement, we have recorded revenues and cost of sales of $1,505 through September 30, 2017. ULA has made payments of $1,740 to us under the inventory supply agreement and we have made $48 of net indemnification payments to ULA.

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We agreed to indemnify ULA against potential losses that ULA may incur in the event ULA is unable to obtain certain additional contract pricing from the USAF for four satellite missions. In 2009, ULA filed a complaint before the Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals (ASBCA) for a contract adjustment for the price of two of these missions, followed in 2011 by a subsequent notice of appeal with respect to a third mission. The USAF did not exercise an option for a fourth mission prior to the expiration of the contract. During the second quarter of 2016, the ASBCA ruled that ULA is entitled to additional contract pricing for each of the three missions and remanded to the parties to negotiate appropriate pricing. During the fourth quarter of 2016, the USAF appealed the ASBCA's ruling. In April 2017, the USAF withdrew its appeal. If ULA is ultimately unsuccessful in obtaining additional pricing, we may be responsible for an indemnification payment up to $261 and may record up to $277 in pre-tax losses associated with the three missions.
Potential payments for Other Delta contracts include $85 related to deferred support costs and $91 related to deferred production costs. In June 2011, the Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA) notified ULA that it had determined that $271 of deferred support costs are not recoverable under government contracts. In December 2011, the DCMA notified ULA of the potential non-recoverability of an additional $114 of deferred production costs. ULA and Boeing believe that all costs are recoverable and in November 2011, ULA filed a certified claim with the USAF for collection of deferred support and production costs. The USAF issued a final decision denying ULA’s certified claim in May 2012. On June 14, 2012, Boeing and ULA filed a suit in the Court of Federal Claims seeking recovery of the deferred support and production costs from the U.S. government. On November 9, 2012, the U.S. government filed an answer to our claim and asserted a counterclaim for credits that it alleges were offset by deferred support cost invoices. We believe that the U.S. government’s counterclaim is without merit, and have filed an answer challenging it on multiple grounds. The litigation is in the discovery phase, and the Court has not yet set a trial date. If, contrary to our belief, it is determined that some or all of the deferred support or production costs are not recoverable, we could be required to record pre-tax losses and make indemnification payments to ULA for up to $317 of the costs questioned by the DCMA.
Other Indemnifications In conjunction with our sales of Electron Dynamic Devices, Inc. and Rocketdyne Propulsion and Power businesses and our BCA facilities in Wichita, Kansas and Tulsa and McAlester, Oklahoma, we agreed to indemnify, for an indefinite period, the buyers for costs relating to pre-closing environmental conditions and certain other items. We are unable to assess the potential number of future claims that may be asserted under these indemnifications, nor the amounts thereof (if any). As a result, we cannot estimate the maximum potential amount of future payments under these indemnities and therefore, no liability has been recorded. To the extent that claims have been made under these indemnities and/or are probable and reasonably estimable, liabilities associated with these indemnities are included in the environmental liability disclosure in Note 8.
Credit Guarantees We have issued credit guarantees where we are obligated to make payments to a guaranteed party in the event that the original lessee or debtor does not make payments or perform certain specified services. Generally, these guarantees have been extended on behalf of guaranteed parties with less than investment-grade credit and are collateralized by certain assets. Current outstanding credit guarantees expire through 2036.
Note 10 – Debt
On February 16, 2017, we issued $900 of fixed rate senior notes consisting of $300 due March 1, 2022 that bear an annual interest rate of 2.125%, $300 due March 1, 2027 that bear an annual interest rate of 2.8%, and $300 due March 1, 2047 that bear an annual interest rate of 3.65%. The notes are unsecured senior obligations and rank equally in right of payment with our existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The net proceeds of the issuance totaled $871, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses.

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Note 11 – Postretirement Plans
The components of net periodic benefit cost were as follows:
  
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30
Pension Plans
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Service cost

$301

 

$488

 

$100

 

$162

Interest cost
2,243

 
2,287

 
747

 
761

Expected return on plan assets
(2,883
)
 
(2,998
)
 
(961
)
 
(1,000
)
Amortization of prior service (credits)/costs
(29
)
 
29

 
(9
)
 
9

Recognized net actuarial loss
603

 
592

 
201

 
198

Settlement/curtailment/other losses
1

 
39

 


 
6

Net periodic benefit cost

$236

 

$437

 

$78

 

$136

Net periodic benefit cost included in Earnings from operations

$534

 

$1,545

 

$100

 

$453

  
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30
Other Postretirement Benefits
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Service cost

$80

 

$96

 

$27

 

$32

Interest cost
171

 
196

 
57

 
66

Expected return on plan assets
(5
)
 
(6
)
 
(1
)
 
(2
)
Amortization of prior service credits
(102
)
 
(94
)
 
(34
)
 
(32
)
Recognized net actuarial loss
8

 
17

 
2

 
5

Net periodic benefit cost

$152

 

$209

 

$51

 

$69

Net periodic benefit cost included in Earnings from operations

$201

 

$213

 

$58

 

$63

Required pension contributions under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, as well as rules governing funding of our non-US pension plans, are minimal in 2017. During the third quarter of 2017, we contributed $500 in cash and $3,500 in shares of our common stock. These contributions exceed our previously announced plan to contribute approximately $500 to our pension plans in 2017.
Note 12 – Share-Based Compensation and Other Compensation Arrangements
Restricted Stock Units
On February 27, 2017, we granted to our executives 523,835 restricted stock units (RSUs) as part of our long-term incentive program with a grant date fair value of $178.72 per unit. The RSUs granted under this program will vest and settle in common stock (on a one-for-one basis) on the third anniversary of the grant date.
Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units
On February 27, 2017, we granted to our executives 492,273 performance-based restricted stock units (PBRSUs) as part of our long-term incentive program with a grant date fair value of $190.17 per unit. Compensation expense for the award is recognized over the three-year performance period based upon the grant date fair value estimated using a Monte-Carlo simulation model. The model used the following assumptions: expected volatility of 21.37% based upon historical stock volatility, a risk-free interest rate of 1.46%, and no expected dividend yield because the units earn dividend equivalents.

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Performance Awards
On February 27, 2017, we granted to our executives performance awards as part of our long-term incentive program with a payout based on the achievement of financial goals for the three-year period ending December 31, 2019. At September 30, 2017, the minimum payout amount is $0 and the maximum amount we could be required to pay out is $353.
Note 13 – Shareholders' Equity
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss (AOCI) by component for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:
 
Currency Translation Adjustments

 
Unrealized Gains and Losses on Certain Investments

 
Unrealized Gains and Losses on Derivative Instruments

 
Defined Benefit Pension Plans & Other Postretirement Benefits

 
Total (1)

Balance at January 1, 2016

($39
)
 

 

($197
)
 

($12,512
)
 

($12,748
)
Other comprehensive (loss)/income before reclassifications
(3
)
 
1

 
54

 
(384
)
 
(332
)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI

 

 
58

 
364

(2) 
422

Net current period Other comprehensive (loss)/income
(3
)
 
1

 
112

 
(20
)
 
90

Balance at September 30, 2016

($42
)
 

$1

 

($85
)
 

($12,532
)
 

($12,658
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2017

($143
)
 

($2
)
 

($127
)
 

($13,351
)
 

($13,623
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
121

 

 
111

 
1

 
233

Amounts reclassified from AOCI

 

 
44

 
310

(2) 
354

Net current period Other comprehensive income
121

 

 
155

 
311

 
587

Balance at September 30, 2017

($22
)
 

($2
)
 

$28

 

($13,040
)
 

($13,036
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at June 30, 2016

($32
)
 

($1
)
 

($113
)
 

($12,649
)
 

($12,795
)
Other comprehensive (loss)/income before reclassifications
(10
)
 
2

 
13

 
1

 
6

Amounts reclassified from AOCI

 

 
15

 
116

(2) 
131

Net current period Other comprehensive (loss)/income
(10
)
 
2

 
28

 
117

 
137

Balance at September 30, 2016

($42
)
 

$1

 

($85
)
 

($12,532
)
 

($12,658
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at June 30, 2017

($66
)
 

($2
)
 

($22
)
 

($13,144
)
 

($13,234
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
44

 

 
40

 

 
84

Amounts reclassified from AOCI

 

 
10

 
104

(2) 
114

Net current period Other comprehensive income
44

 

 
50

 
104

 
198

Balance at September 30, 2017

($22
)
 

($2
)
 

$28

 

($13,040
)
 

($13,036
)
(1)     Net of tax.
(2) 
Primarily relates to amortization of actuarial losses for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2016 totaling $392 and $131 (net of tax of ($217) and ($72)) and for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 totaling $394 and $131 (net of tax of ($217) and ($72)). These are included in the net periodic pension cost of which a portion is allocated to production as inventoried costs.

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Note 14 – Derivative Financial Instruments
Cash Flow Hedges
Our cash flow hedges include foreign currency forward contracts and commodity purchase contracts. We use foreign currency forward contracts to manage currency risk associated with certain transactions, specifically forecasted sales and purchases made in foreign currencies. Our foreign currency contracts hedge forecasted transactions through 2024. We use commodity derivatives, such as fixed-price purchase commitments to hedge against potentially unfavorable price changes for items used in production. Our commodity contracts hedge forecasted transactions through 2020.
Fair Value Hedges
Interest rate swaps under which we agree to pay variable rates of interest are designated as fair value hedges of fixed-rate debt. The net change in fair value of the derivatives and the hedged items is reported in Boeing Capital interest expense.
Derivative Instruments Not Receiving Hedge Accounting Treatment
We have entered into agreements to purchase and sell aluminum to address long-term strategic sourcing objectives and international business requirements. These agreements are derivative instruments for accounting purposes. The quantities of aluminum in these agreements offset and are priced at prevailing market prices. We also hold certain foreign currency forward contracts which do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment.
Notional Amounts and Fair Values
The notional amounts and fair values of derivative instruments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position were as follows:
  
Notional amounts (1)
Other assets
Accrued liabilities
  
September 30
2017

December 31
2016

September 30
2017

December 31
2016

September 30
2017

December 31
2016

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts

$2,496


$2,584


$117


$34


($70
)

($225
)
Interest rate contracts
125

125

4

6




Commodity contracts
41

53

2

7

(6
)
(5
)
Derivatives not receiving hedge accounting treatment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
479

465

22

21

(9
)
(17
)
Commodity contracts
557

648





 
 
Total derivatives

$3,698


$3,875


$145


$68


($85
)

($247
)
Netting arrangements
 
 
(64
)
(45
)
64

45

Net recorded balance
 
 

$81


$23


($21
)

($202
)
(1) 
Notional amounts represent the gross contract/notional amount of the derivatives outstanding.

20
Table of Contents

Gains/(losses) associated with our cash flow and undesignated hedging transactions and their effect on Other comprehensive income and Net earnings were as follows: 
  
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30
  
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Effective portion recognized in Other comprehensive income, net of taxes:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts

$116

 

$55

 

$40

 

$14

Commodity contracts
(5
)
 
(1
)
 


 
(1
)
Effective portion reclassified out of Accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings, net of taxes:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
(43
)
 
(52
)
 
(11
)
 
(14
)
Commodity contracts
(1
)
 
(6
)
 
1

 
(1
)
Forward points recognized in Other income, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
3

 
8

 
1

 
4

Undesignated derivatives recognized in Other income, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
6

 
2

 
1

 
2

Based on our portfolio of cash flow hedges, we expect to reclassify losses of $22 (pre-tax) out of Accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings during the next 12 months. Ineffectiveness related to our hedges recognized in Other income was insignificant for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.
We have derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features. For foreign exchange contracts with original maturities of at least five years, our derivative counterparties could require settlement if we default on our five-year credit facility. For certain commodity contracts, our counterparties could require collateral posted in an amount determined by our credit ratings. The fair value of foreign exchange and commodity contracts that have credit-risk-related contingent features that are in a net liability position at September 30, 2017 was $19. At September 30, 2017, there was no collateral posted related to our derivatives.

21
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Note 15 – Fair Value Measurements
The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value. Level 1 refers to fair values determined based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. Level 2 refers to fair values estimated using significant other observable inputs and Level 3 includes fair values estimated using significant unobservable inputs. The following table presents our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy.
 
September 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
Total

 
Level 1

 
Level 2

 
Total

 
Level 1

 
Level 2

Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
2,042

 

$2,042

 
 
 

$2,858

 

$2,858

 
 
Available-for-sale investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial paper
59

 
 
 

$59

 
162

 
 
 

$162

Corporate notes
392

 
 
 
392

 
271

 
 
 
271

U.S. government agencies
47

 
 
 
47

 
63

 
 
 
63

Other
15

 
15

 
 
 
46

 
46

 
 
Derivatives
81

 
 
 
81

 
23

 
 
 
23

Total assets

$2,636

 

$2,057

 

$579

 

$3,423

 

$2,904

 

$519

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives

($21
)
 
 
 

($21
)
 

($202
)
 
 
 

($202
)
Total liabilities

($21
)
 

 

($21
)
 

($202
)
 

 

($202
)
Money market funds, available-for-sale debt investments and equity securities are valued using a market approach based on the quoted market prices or broker/dealer quotes of identical or comparable instruments.
Derivatives include foreign currency, commodity and interest rate contracts. Our foreign currency forward contracts are valued using an income approach based on the present value of the forward rate less the contract rate multiplied by the notional amount. Commodity derivatives are valued using an income approach based on the present value of the commodity index prices less the contract rate multiplied by the notional amount. The fair value of our interest rate swaps is derived from a discounted cash flow analysis based on the terms of the contract and the interest rate curve.
Certain assets have been measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). The following table presents the nonrecurring losses recognized for the nine months ended September 30 due to long-lived asset impairment and the fair value and asset classification of the related assets as of the impairment date:
  
2017
 
2016
 
Fair
Value

 
Total
Losses

 
Fair
Value

 
Total
Losses

Operating lease equipment

$89

 

($31
)
 

$54

 

($31
)
Investments
1

 
(30
)
 

 

Property, plant and equipment
8

 
(2
)
 


 
(5
)
Acquired intangible assets
14

 
(1
)
 
12

 
(10
)
Total

$112

 

($64
)
 

$66

 

($46
)
Investments, Property, plant and equipment, and Acquired intangible assets were primarily valued using an income approach based on the discounted cash flows associated with the underlying assets. The fair value of the impaired operating lease equipment is derived by calculating a median collateral value from a consistent group of third party aircraft value publications. The values provided by the third party aircraft publications are derived from their knowledge of market trades and other market factors. Management reviews the

22
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publications quarterly to assess the continued appropriateness and consistency with market trends. Under certain circumstances, we adjust values based on the attributes and condition of the specific aircraft or equipment, usually when the features or use of the aircraft vary significantly from the more generic aircraft attributes covered by third party publications, or on the expected net sales price for the aircraft.
For Level 3 assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the following table presents the fair value of those assets as of the measurement date, valuation techniques and related unobservable inputs of those assets.
 
Fair
Value
 
Valuation
Technique(s)
 
Unobservable Input
 
Range
Median or Average
Operating lease equipment
$89
 
Market approach
 
Aircraft value publications
 
$141 - $190(1)
Median $166
 
 
Aircraft condition adjustments
 
($77) - $0(2)
Net ($77)
(1) 
The range represents the sum of the highest and lowest values for all aircraft subject to fair value measurement, according to the third party aircraft valuation publications that we use in our valuation process.
(2) 
The negative amount represents the sum for all aircraft subject to fair value measurement, of all downward adjustments based on consideration of individual aircraft attributes and condition. The positive amount represents the sum of all such upward adjustments.
Fair Value Disclosures
The fair values and related carrying values of financial instruments that are not required to be remeasured at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position were as follows:
 
September 30, 2017
 
Carrying
Amount

Total Fair
Value

Level 1
Level 2

Level 3

Assets
 
 
 
 
 
Notes receivable, net

$762


$771

 

$771

 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
Debt, excluding capital lease obligations
(10,635
)
(12,180
)
 
(12,075
)

($105
)
 
December 31, 2016
 
Carrying
Amount

Total Fair
Value

Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
Notes receivable, net

$807


$803

 

$803

 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
Debt, excluding capital lease obligations
(9,815
)
(11,209
)
 
(11,078
)

($131
)
The fair values of notes receivable are estimated with discounted cash flow analysis using interest rates currently offered on loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. The fair value of our debt that is traded in the secondary market is classified as Level 2 and is based on current market yields. For our debt that is not traded in the secondary market, the fair value is classified as Level 2 and is based on our indicative borrowing cost derived from dealer quotes or discounted cash flows. The fair values of our debt classified as Level 3 are based on discounted cash flow models using the implied yield from similar securities. With regard to other financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk, it is not practicable to estimate the fair value of our indemnifications and financing commitments because the amount and timing of those arrangements are uncertain. Items not included in the above disclosures include cash, restricted cash, time deposits and other deposits, commercial paper, money market funds, Accounts receivable, Accounts payable

23
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and long-term payables. The carrying values of those items, as reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, approximate their fair value at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The fair value of assets and liabilities whose carrying value approximates fair value is determined using Level 2 inputs, with the exception of cash (Level 1).
Note 16 – Legal Proceedings
Various legal proceedings, claims and investigations related to products, contracts, employment and other matters are pending against us.
In addition, we are subject to various U.S. government inquiries and investigations from which civil, criminal or administrative proceedings could result or have resulted in the past. Such proceedings involve or could involve claims by the government for fines, penalties, compensatory and treble damages, restitution and/or forfeitures. Under government regulations, a company, or one or more of its operating divisions or subdivisions, can also be suspended or debarred from government contracts, or lose its export privileges, based on the results of investigations. We believe, based upon current information, that the outcome of any such legal proceeding, claim, or government dispute and investigation will not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Note 17 – Segment Information
Our primary profitability measurements to review a segment’s operating results are Earnings from operations and operating margins. See page 6 for a Summary of Business Segment Data, which is an integral part of this note.
Effective July 1, 2017, we now operate in four reportable segments: BCA, BDS, BGS, and BCC. The new segment, BGS, brings together the Commercial Aviation Services businesses, previously included in the BCA segment, and certain BDS businesses (primarily those previously included in the Global Services & Support segment). Prior year numbers have been revised to conform to the current segment presentation.
BCA develops, produces and markets commercial jet aircraft, principally to the commercial airline industry worldwide.
BDS is engaged in the research, development, production and modification of the following products and related services: manned and unmanned military aircraft and weapons systems, surveillance and engagement, strategic defense and intelligence systems, satellite systems and space exploration.
BGS provides parts, maintenance, modifications, logistics support, training, data analytics and information-based services to commercial and government customers worldwide.
BCC facilitates, arranges, structures and provides selective financing solutions for our Boeing customers.
Unallocated items, eliminations and other include common internal services that support Boeing’s global business operations, intercompany guarantees provided to BCC and eliminations of certain sales between segments. Intersegment revenues, eliminated in Unallocated items, eliminations and other, are shown in the following table.
 
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30
 
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Commercial Airplanes

$1,224

 

$1,668

 

$325

 

$949

Global Services
38

 
53

 
12

 
17

Boeing Capital
23

 
13

 
13

 
4

Total

$1,285

 

$1,734

 

$350

 

$970



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Unallocated Items, Eliminations and other
Unallocated items, eliminations and other includes costs not attributable to business segments as well as intercompany profit eliminations. We generally allocate costs to business segments based on the U.S. federal cost accounting standards. Components of Unallocated items, eliminations and other are shown in the following table.
 
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30

2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Share-based plans

($67
)
 

($50
)
 

($21
)
 

($9
)
Deferred compensation
(174
)
 
(38
)
 
(78
)
 
(33
)
Amortization of previously capitalized interest
(72
)
 
(71
)
 
(21
)
 
(23
)
Eliminations and other unallocated items
(437
)
 
(333
)
 
(78
)
 
(135
)
Sub-total
(750
)
 
(492
)
 
(198
)
 
(200
)
Pension
808

 
129

 
275

 
50

Postretirement
146

 
122

 
41

 
38

Pension and Postretirement
954

 
251

 
316

 
88

Total

$204

 

($241
)
 

$118

 

($112
)
Unallocated Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Expense
Unallocated pension and other postretirement benefit expense represent the portion of pension and other postretirement benefit costs that are not recognized by business segments for segment reporting purposes. Pension costs, comprising GAAP service and prior service costs, are allocated to BCA and the commercial operations at BGS. Pension costs are allocated to BDS and BGS businesses supporting government customers using U.S. Government Cost Accounting Standards (CAS), which employ different actuarial assumptions and accounting conventions than GAAP. These costs are allocable to government contracts. Other postretirement benefit costs are allocated to business segments based on CAS, which is generally based on benefits paid.
Assets
Segment assets are summarized in the table below:
 
September 30
2017

 
December 31
2016

Commercial Airplanes

$46,755

 

$46,745

Defense, Space & Security
15,279

 
14,123

Global Services
12,144

 
11,490

Boeing Capital
3,530

 
4,139

Unallocated items, eliminations and other
13,299

 
13,500

Total

$91,007

 

$89,997

Assets included in Unallocated items, eliminations and other primarily consist of Cash and cash equivalents, Short-term and other investments, Deferred tax assets, capitalized interest and assets held centrally as well as intercompany eliminations.

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Table of Contents

Goodwill
Segment goodwill balances are summarized in the table below:
 
September 30, 2017

 
December 31, 2016

Commercial Airplanes

$992

 

$992

Defense, Space & Security
2,860

 
2,854

Global Services
1,492

 
1,478

Total

$5,344

 

$5,324

As a result of the change in our reportable segments, we reallocated goodwill to our new reporting units using a relative fair value approach. We evaluated goodwill for impairment at July 1, 2017 and determined that no impairment existed.


26
Table of Contents

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
The Boeing Company
Chicago, Illinois
We have reviewed the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of financial position of The Boeing Company and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of September 30, 2017, and the related condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 and the related condensed consolidated statements of cash flows and equity for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. These interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management.
We conducted our reviews in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to such condensed consolidated interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated statement of financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 8, 2017, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2016 is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated statement of financial position from which it has been derived.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Chicago, Illinois
October 25, 2017

27
Table of Contents

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “may,” “should,” “expects,” “intends,” “projects,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “targets,” “anticipates” and similar expressions are used to identify these forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include statements relating to our future financial condition and operating results, as well as any other statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact.
 
 
Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions, which may not prove to be accurate. These statements are not guarantees and are subject to risks, uncertainties and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Many factors could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from these forward-looking statements. Among these factors are risks related to:
 
 
(1)
general conditions in the economy and our industry, including those due to regulatory changes;
 
 
(2)
our reliance on our commercial airline customers;
 
 
(3)
the overall health of our aircraft production system, planned production rate increases across multiple commercial airline programs, our commercial development and derivative aircraft programs, and our aircraft being subject to stringent performance and reliability standards;
 
 
(4)
changing budget and appropriation levels and acquisition priorities of the U.S. government;
 
 
(5)
our dependence on U.S. government contracts;
 
 
(6)
our reliance on fixed-price contracts;
 
 
(7)
our reliance on cost-type contracts;
 
 
(8)
uncertainties concerning contracts that include in-orbit incentive payments;
 
 
(9)
our dependence on our subcontractors and suppliers as well as the availability of raw materials;
 
 
(10)
changes in accounting estimates;
 
 
(11)
changes in the competitive landscape in our markets;
 
 
(12)
our non-U.S. operations, including sales to non-U.S. customers;
 
 
(13)
potential adverse developments in new or pending litigation and/or government investigations;
 
 
(14)
customer and aircraft concentration in Boeing Capital’s customer financing portfolio;
 
 
(15)
changes in our ability to obtain debt on commercially reasonable terms and at competitive rates in order to fund our operations and contractual commitments;
 
 
(16)
realizing the anticipated benefits of mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures, strategic alliances or divestitures;
 
 
(17)
the adequacy of our insurance coverage to cover significant risk exposures;

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Table of Contents

(18)
potential business disruptions, including those related to physical security threats, information technology or cyber attacks, epidemics, sanctions or natural disasters;
 
 
(19)
work stoppages or other labor disruptions;
 
 
(20)
significant changes in discount rates and actual investment return on pension assets;
 
 
(21)
potential environmental liabilities; and
 
 
(22)
threats to the security of our or our customers’ information.
 
 
Additional information concerning these and other factors can be found in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the “Risk Factors” on pages 6 through 14 of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the notes to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K. Any forward-looking information speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

29
Table of Contents

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Consolidated Results of Operations and Financial Condition
Earnings From Operations and Core Operating Earnings (Non-GAAP) The following table summarizes key indicators of consolidated results of operations:
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30

2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Revenues

$68,024

 

$71,285

 

$24,309

 

$23,898

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GAAP
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings from operations

$7,248

 

$3,651

 

$2,689

 

$2,282

Operating margins
10.7
%
 
5.1
%
 
11.1
%
 
9.5
 %
Effective income tax rate
28.4
%
 
5.8
%
 
30.0
%
 
(3.4
)%
Net earnings

$5,065

 

$3,264

 

$1,853

 

$2,279

Diluted earnings per share

$8.27

 

$5.04

 

$3.06

 

$3.60

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-GAAP (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Core operating earnings

$6,294

 

$3,400

 

$2,373

 

$2,194

Core operating margins
9.3
%
 
4.8
%
 
9.8
%
 
9.2
%
Core earnings per share

$7.26

 

$4.79

 

$2.72

 

$3.51

(1) 
These measures exclude certain components of pension and other postretirement benefit expense. See page 45 for important information about these non-GAAP measures and reconciliations to the most comparable GAAP measures.
Revenues
The following table summarizes Revenues:
(Dollars in millions)
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30

2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Commercial Airplanes

$41,263

 

$43,630

 

$14,982

 

$15,200

Defense, Space & Security
15,520

 
17,281

 
5,470

 
5,751

Global Services
10,638

 
10,508

 
3,568

 
3,506

Boeing Capital
234

 
211

 
70

 
63

Unallocated items, eliminations and other
369

 
(345
)
 
219

 
(622
)
Total

$68,024

 

$71,285

 

$24,309

 

$23,898

Revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 decreased by $3,261 million compared with the same period in 2016. Commercial Airplanes (BCA) revenues decreased by $2,367 million primarily due to fewer deliveries and Defense, Space & Security (BDS) revenues decreased by $1,761 million primarily due to fewer C-17 deliveries. The decrease in revenue at BCA and BDS for the nine-month period was partially offset by changes in unallocated items and eliminations, which primarily reflect the timing of eliminations for intercompany aircraft deliveries and the sale of aircraft previously leased to customers.
Revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $411 million compared with the same period in 2016. BCA revenues decreased by $218 million primarily driven by the mix of airplane deliveries - revenues from higher single aisle deliveries were more than offset by lower twin aisle deliveries. BDS revenues decreased by $281 million due to lower revenues on the KC-46A Tanker program and the mix of deliveries on the Chinook, Apache and F-15 programs, partially offset by higher volume on various

30
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weapons programs. The decrease in revenue at BCA and BDS for the three-month period was more than offset by changes in unallocated items and eliminations, which primarily reflect the timing of eliminations for intercompany aircraft deliveries and the sale of aircraft previously leased to customers.
Earnings From Operations
The following table summarizes Earnings from operations:
(Dollars in millions)
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30

2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Commercial Airplanes

$3,648

 

$804

 

$1,483

 

$1,293

Defense, Space & Security
1,670

 
1,443

 
559

 
564

Global Services
1,639

 
1,609

 
506

 
524

Boeing Capital
87

 
36

 
23

 
13

Unallocated pension and other postretirement benefit income
954

 
251

 
316

 
88

Other unallocated items and eliminations
(750
)
 
(492
)
 
(198
)
 
(200
)
Earnings from operations (GAAP)

$7,248

 

$3,651

 

$2,689

 

$2,282

Unallocated pension and other postretirement benefit income
(954
)
 
(251
)
 
(316
)
 
(88
)
Core operating earnings (Non-GAAP)

$6,294

 

$3,400

 

$2,373

 

$2,194

Earnings from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $3,597 million compared with the same period in 2016, primarily due to higher earnings at BCA and BDS and higher unallocated pension income, which more than offset other unallocated items and eliminations. BCA's 2017 earnings reflect lower reach-forward losses on the KC-46A Tanker program, as well as the absence of 747 program reach-forward losses and reclassification of 787 flight test aircraft inventory costs of $1,235 million to research and development expense.
Earnings from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 included reach-forward losses related to the KC-46A Tanker program of $471 million, of which $374 million was recorded at BCA and $97 million was recorded at BDS. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 we recorded reach-forward losses of $1,258 million related to the 747 program at BCA, and reach-forward losses of $816 million on the KC-46A Tanker program of which $529 million was recorded at BCA and $287 million at BDS.
Earnings from operations for the three months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $407 million compared with the same period in 2016, primarily due to higher earnings at BCA and higher unallocated pension income, which more than offset reach-forward losses on the KC-46A Tanker program. During the third quarter of 2017, we recorded reach-forward losses of $256 million at BCA and $73 million at BDS related to the KC-46A Tanker program.
Core operating earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $2,894 million compared with the same period in 2016 primarily due to lower reach-forward losses and the $1,235 million of research and development expense associated with the 787 flight test aircraft reclassification recorded in 2016. Core operating earnings for the three months ended September 30, 2017 increased $179 million compared with the same period in 2016 primarily due to higher earnings at BCA.

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Unallocated Items, Eliminations and Other The most significant items included in Unallocated items, eliminations and other are shown in the following table:
(Dollars in millions)
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30

2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Share-based plans

($67
)
 

($50
)
 

($21
)
 

($9
)
Deferred compensation
(174
)
 
(38
)
 
(78
)
 
(33
)
Eliminations and other unallocated items
(509
)
 
(404
)
 
(99
)
 
(158
)
Sub-total (included in core operating earnings*)
(750
)
 
(492
)
 
(198
)
 
(200
)
Pension
808

 
129

 
275

 
50

Postretirement
146

 
122

 
41

 
38

Pension and other postretirement benefit income(excluded from core operating earnings*)
954

 
251

 
316

 
88

Total

$204

 

($241
)
 

$118

 

($112
)
* Core operating earnings is a Non-GAAP measure that excludes certain components of pension and postretirement benefit expense. See page 45.
The deferred compensation expense increased by $136 million and $45 million for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 compared with the same periods in 2016 primarily driven by increases in our stock price and broad market conditions.
Eliminations and other unallocated items increased by $105 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and decreased by $59 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared with the same periods in 2016 primarily due to the timing of expense allocations and the elimination of profit on intercompany aircraft deliveries.
The components of net periodic benefit cost are shown in the following table:
(Dollars in millions)
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30
Pension Plans
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Service cost

$301

 

$488

 

$100

 

$162

Interest cost
2,243

 
2,287

 
747

 
761

Expected return on plan assets
(2,883
)
 
(2,998
)
 
(961
)
 
(1,000
)
Amortization of prior service (credits)/costs
(29
)
 
29

 
(9
)
 
9

Recognized net actuarial loss
603

 
592

 
201

 
198

Settlement/curtailment/other losses
1

 
39

 

 
6

Net periodic benefit cost

$236

 

$437

 

$78

 

$136

The decrease in net periodic pension benefit cost for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 of $201 million and $58 million compared with the same periods in 2016 is primarily due to lower service costs due to the transition of additional employees to defined contribution retirement savings plans.

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A portion of net periodic benefit cost is recognized in Earnings from operations in the period incurred and the remainder is included in inventory at the end of the reporting period and recorded in Earnings from operations in subsequent periods. Net periodic pension benefit costs included in Earnings from operations were as follows:
(Dollars in millions)
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30
Pension Plans
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Allocated to business segments

($1,342
)
 

($1,674
)
 

($375
)
 

($503
)
Unallocated items, Eliminations and other
808

 
129

 
275

 
50

Total

($534
)
 

($1,545
)
 

($100
)
 

($453
)
The higher unallocated pension benefit recognized in earnings reflects the amortization of pension benefits capitalized as inventory in prior years.
Other Earnings Items 
(Dollars in millions)
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30

2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Earnings from operations

$7,248

 

$3,651

 

$2,689

 

$2,282

Other income, net
94

 
41

 
45

 
2

Interest and debt expense
(267
)
 
(227
)
 
(87
)
 
(81
)
Earnings from operations
7,075

 
3,465

 
2,647

 
2,203

Income tax (expense)/benefit
(2,010
)
 
(201
)
 
(794
)
 
76

Net earnings from continuing operations

$5,065

 

$3,264

 

$1,853

 

$2,279

Other income, net increased by $53 million and $43 million during the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to higher gains from foreign exchange and interest income.
For discussion related to Income Taxes, see Note 3 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Total Costs and Expenses (“Cost of Sales”)
Cost of sales, for both products and services, consists primarily of raw materials, parts, sub-assemblies, labor, overhead and subcontracting costs. Our BCA segment predominantly uses program accounting to account for cost of sales while BDS predominantly uses contract accounting. BGS uses contract accounting for portions of its business. Under program accounting, cost of sales for each commercial airplane program equals the product of (i) revenue recognized in connection with customer deliveries and (ii) the estimated cost of sales percentage applicable to the total remaining program. Under contract accounting, the amount reported as cost of sales is determined by applying the estimated cost of sales percentage to the amount of revenue recognized. The following table summarizes cost of sales:
(Dollars in millions)
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30
 

2017

 
2016

Change

2017

 
2016

Change

Cost of sales

$55,639

 

$61,326


($5,687
)

$19,987

 

$19,904


$83

Cost of sales as a % of Revenues
81.8
%
 
86.0
%
(4.2
%)
82.2
%
 
83.3
%
(1.1
)%
Cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 decreased by $5,687 million, or 9.3% compared with the same period in 2016, primarily due to lower volume and lower reach-forward losses. Cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $83 million compared with the same period in 2016, primarily due to higher reach-forward losses.

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Research and Development The following table summarizes our Research and development expense:
(Dollars in millions)
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30

2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Commercial Airplanes

$1,755

 

$3,152

 

$538

 

$633

Defense, Space & Security
599

 
666

 
207

 
201

Global Services
101

 
126

 
38

 
41

Other
(37
)
 
(43
)
 
(16
)
 
(18
)
Total

$2,418

 

$3,901

 

$767

 

$857

Research and development expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 decreased by $1,483 million compared with the same period in 2016. The decrease at BCA is primarily due to the reclassification of $1,235 million of costs from inventory in the second quarter of 2016 related to the fourth and fifth 787 flight test aircraft as well as lower spending on the 737 MAX and 787-10. The decrease of $90 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 is primarily attributable to lower spending at BCA on the 737 MAX and 777X.
Backlog The following table summarizes our backlog:
Total Backlog (Dollars in millions)
September 30
2017

 
December 31
2016

Commercial Airplanes

$412,185

 

$413,036

Defense, Space & Security

$45,852

 

$44,825

Global Services

$16,251

 

$15,631

Total Backlog

$474,288

 

$473,492

 
 
 
 
Contractual backlog

$459,871

 

$458,277

Unobligated backlog
14,417

 
15,215

Total Backlog

$474,288

 

$473,492

Contractual backlog of unfilled orders excludes purchase options, announced orders for which definitive contracts have not been executed, and unobligated U.S. and non-U.S. government contract funding. The increase during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily due to orders and funding in excess of deliveries.
Unobligated backlog includes U.S. and non-U.S. government definitive contracts for which funding has not been authorized. The decrease during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily due to reclassifications to contractual backlog related to BDS and BGS contracts, partially offset by contract awards.
Additional Considerations
KC-46A Tanker In 2011, we were awarded a contract from the U.S. Air Force (USAF) to design, develop, manufacture and deliver four next generation aerial refueling tankers. The KC-46A Tanker is a derivative of our 767 commercial aircraft. This Engineering, Manufacturing and Development (EMD) contract is a fixed-price incentive fee contract valued at $4.9 billion and involves highly complex designs and systems integration. The EMD contract is currently in the certification and flight testing phases. In 2015, we began work on low rate initial production (LRIP) aircraft for the USAF. During the third quarter of 2016, following our achievement of key flight testing milestones, the USAF authorized two LRIP lots for 7 and 12 aircraft valued at $2.8 billion. On January 27, 2017, the USAF authorized an additional LRIP lot for 15 aircraft valued at $2.1 billion. If all options under the contract are exercised, we expect to deliver 179 aircraft for a total expected contract value of approximately $30 billion. We now expect 18 fully operational aircraft to be delivered in 2018.

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During 2016, we recorded reach-forward losses of $1,128 million related to the EMD contract and LRIP aircraft. During the first quarter of 2017, we recorded further reach-forward losses of $142 million primarily reflecting higher estimated costs associated with certification and incorporating changes into LRIP aircraft. During the third quarter of 2017, we recorded additional reach-forward losses of $329 million, primarily reflecting further increases in estimated costs associated with certification and incorporating changes into LRIP aircraft. As with any development program, this program remains subject to additional reach-forward losses or delivery delays if we experience further production, technical or quality issues, delays in certification and/or flight testing.
Russia/Ukraine We continue to monitor political unrest involving Russia and Ukraine, where we and some of our suppliers source titanium products and/or have operations. A number of our commercial customers also have operations in Russia and Ukraine. To date, we have not experienced any significant disruptions to production or deliveries. Should suppliers or customers experience disruption, our production and/or deliveries could be materially impacted.
Export-Import Bank of the United States Many of our non-U.S. customers finance purchases through the Export-Import Bank of the United States. Following the expiration of the bank’s charter on June 30, 2015, the bank’s charter was reauthorized in December 2015. The bank is now authorized through September 30, 2019. However, until the U.S. Senate confirms members sufficient to reconstitute a quorum of the bank’s board of directors, the bank will not be able to approve any transaction totaling more than $10 million. As a result, we may fund additional commitments and/or enter into new financing arrangements with customers. Certain of our non-U.S. customers also may seek to delay purchases if they cannot obtain financing at reasonable costs, and there may be further impacts with respect to future sales campaigns involving non-U.S. customers. We continue to work with our customers to mitigate risks associated with the lack of a quorum of the bank’s board of directors and assist with alternative third party financing sources.
Segment Results of Operations and Financial Condition
Commercial Airplanes
Business Environments and Trends
Airline Industry Environment Our updated 20-year forecast, published in June 2017, projects a long-term average growth rate of 4.7% per year for passenger traffic and 4.2% for cargo traffic. Based on long-term global economic growth projections of 2.8% average annual GDP growth, we project a $6.1 trillion market for 41,030 new airplanes over the next 20 years.
Results of Operations
(Dollars in millions)
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30

2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Revenues

$41,263

 

$43,630

 

$14,982



$15,200

Earnings from operations:

$3,648

 

$804

 

$1,483



$1,293

Operating margins
8.8
%
 
1.8
%
 
9.9
%
 
8.5
%
Revenues
Revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 decreased by $2,367 million, or 5%, compared with the same period in 2016 primarily due to fewer deliveries. Revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2017 decreased by $218 million, compared with the same period in 2016 primarily due to delivery mix, with fewer twin aisle deliveries more than offsetting the impact of higher single aisle deliveries.

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Commercial airplane deliveries, including intercompany deliveries, were as follows:

737

*
747

†
767

 
777

 
787

 
Total

Deliveries during the first nine months of 2017
381

(13)
8

(1)
7

 
58

 
100

 
554

Deliveries during the first nine months of 2016
368

(15)
8

(3)
10

 
73

 
104

 
563

Deliveries during the third quarter of 2017
145

(4)
4


2

 
16

 
35

 
202

Deliveries during the third quarter of 2016
120

(6)
5

(3)
5

 
22

 
36

 
188

Cumulative deliveries as of 9/30/2017
6,584

 
1,536

 
1,103

 
1,518

 
600

 

Cumulative deliveries as of 12/31/2016
6,203

 
1,528

 
1,096

 
1,460

 
500

 

*     Intercompany deliveries identified by parentheses
†
Aircraft accounted for as revenues by BCA and as operating leases in consolidation identified by parentheses
Earnings From Operations
Earnings from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $2,844 million compared with the same period in 2016 primarily due to lower reach-forward losses, lower research and development costs and improved margins reflecting favorable cost performance, which more than offset the impact of lower revenues.
Reach-forward losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 include $374 million and $529 million related to the KC-46A Tanker program. In addition, reach-forward losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 include $1,258 million related to the 747 program. Research and development expense in 2016 reflects the reclassification from inventory of $1,235 million related to the fourth and fifth 787 flight test aircraft.
Earnings from operations for the three months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $190 million compared with the same period in 2016, primarily due to favorable cost performance and higher margins on the 787 program, partially offset by a $256 million reach-forward loss related to KC-46A Tanker program. The higher margin on the 787 program reflected the increase in the accounting quantity from 1,300 to 1,400 and improved cost performance.
Backlog
BCA total backlog decreased from $413,036 million as of December 31, 2016 to $412,185 million at September 30, 2017 primarily due to deliveries in excess of orders.

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Table of Contents

Accounting Quantity
The following table provides details of the accounting quantities and firm orders by program. Cumulative firm orders represent the cumulative number of commercial jet aircraft deliveries plus undelivered firm orders.
 
Program
As of 9/30/2017
737

 
747*

 
767

 
777

 
777X

 
787

Program accounting quantities
9,600

 
1,555

 
1,171

 
1,625

 
**

 
1,400

Undelivered units under firm orders
4,431

 
17


101

 
101

 
326

 
683

Cumulative firm orders
11,015

 
1,553

 
1,204

 
1,619

 
326

 
1,283

 
Program
As of 12/31/2016
737

 
747

 
767

 
777

 
777X

 
787

Program accounting quantities
9,000

 
1,555

 
1,159

 
1,625

 
***

 
1,300

Undelivered units under firm orders
4,452

 
28

 
93

 
136

 
306

 
700

Cumulative firm orders
10,655

 
1,556

 
1,189

 
1,596

 
306

 
1,200

*
At September 30, 2017, the 747 accounting quantity has 18 undelivered aircraft, including one already completed aircraft that has not been sold and is being remarketed.
**
The accounting quantity for the 777X will be determined in the year of first airplane delivery, targeted for 2020.
Program Highlights
737 Program The accounting quantity for the 737 program increased by 200 units during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and by 600 units during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 due to the program’s normal progress of obtaining additional orders and delivering airplanes. We are currently producing at a rate of 47 per month and plan to increase to 52 per month in 2018. We plan to further increase the rate to 57 per month in 2019. We delivered the first 737 MAX 8 in May 2017 and announced the launch of the 737 MAX 10 in June 2017.
747 Program Lower-than-expected demand for large commercial passenger and freighter aircraft have continued to drive market uncertainties, pricing pressures and fewer orders than anticipated. We are currently producing at a rate of 0.5 aircraft per month. The program accounting quantity includes aircraft scheduled to be produced through 2019. We remain focused on obtaining additional orders and implementing cost-reduction efforts. We are currently evaluating several scenarios, including sales campaigns that may determine how long we continue the 747 program. If we are unable to obtain sufficient orders and/or market, production and other risks cannot be mitigated, we could record additional losses that may be material. Depending on market conditions, it is reasonably possible that we could decide to end production of the 747.
767 Program The accounting quantity for the 767 program increased by 12 units during the three months ended September 30, 2017 due to the program’s normal progress of obtaining additional orders and delivering airplanes. The 767 assembly line includes a 767 derivative to support the tanker program. The combined tanker and commercial production rate increased from 2 per month to 2.5 per month in the third quarter of 2017.
777 Program We implemented a planned production rate decrease from 8.3 per month to 7 per month during the first quarter of 2017. We further reduced the rate to 5 per month in the third quarter of 2017. In the fourth quarter of 2013, we launched the 777X, which features a new composite wing, new engines and folding wing-tips. The 777X will have a separate program accounting quantity, which will be determined in the year of first airplane delivery, targeted for 2020.
787 Program The accounting quantity for the 787 program increased by 100 units during the three months ended September 30, 2017 due to the program’s normal progress of obtaining additional orders and delivering airplanes. We are currently producing at a rate of 12 per month and plan to increase to 14 per month in 2019. First delivery of the 787-10 derivative aircraft is targeted for 2018.

37
Table of Contents

Additional Considerations
The development and ongoing production of commercial aircraft is extremely complex, involving extensive coordination and integration with suppliers and highly-skilled labor from thousands of employees and other partners. Meeting or exceeding our performance and reliability standards, as well as those of customers and regulators, can be costly and technologically challenging. In addition, the introduction of new aircraft and derivatives, such as the 787-10, 737 MAX and 777X, involves increased risks associated with meeting development, production and certification schedules. As a result, our ability to deliver aircraft on time, satisfy performance and reliability standards and achieve or maintain, as applicable, program profitability is subject to significant risks. Factors that could result in lower margins (or a material charge if an airplane program has or is determined to have reach-forward losses) include the following: changes to the program accounting quantity, customer and model mix, production costs and rates, changes to price escalation factors due to changes in the inflation rate or other economic indicators, performance or reliability issues involving completed aircraft, capital expenditures and other costs associated with increasing or adding new production capacity, learning curve, additional change incorporation, achieving anticipated cost reductions, flight test and certification schedules, costs, schedule and demand for new airplanes and derivatives and status of customer claims, supplier assertions and other contractual negotiations. While we believe the cost and revenue estimates incorporated in the consolidated financial statements are appropriate, the technical complexity of our airplane programs creates financial risk as additional completion costs may become necessary or scheduled delivery dates could be extended, which could trigger termination provisions, order cancellations or other financially significant exposure.
Defense, Space & Security
Business Environment and Trends
United States Government Defense Environment Overview
In May 2017, the U.S. administration submitted its fiscal year 2018 budget request, which calls for funding the U.S. Department of Defense (U.S. DoD) base budget at a level that is $52 billion or 10% above the spending caps in the Budget Control Act of 2011 (The Act). In addition, three of the four congressional defense oversight committees have endorsed a U.S. DoD budget topline that is higher than the administration’s fiscal year 2018 request. However, The Act, which mandates limits on U.S. government discretionary spending, remains in effect through fiscal year 2021. As a result, continued budget uncertainty and the risk of future sequestration cuts will remain unless The Act is repealed or significantly modified by Congress.
Funding timeliness also remains a risk. In September 2017, a Continuing Resolution was enacted that extends U.S. government funding at fiscal year 2017 rates through December 8, 2017. If Congress is unable to pass appropriations bills before the expiration of the current Continuing Resolution, a government shutdown could result which may have impacts above and beyond those resulting from budget cuts, sequestration impacts or program-level appropriations. For example, requirements to furlough employees in the U.S. DoD, the Department of Transportation, or other government agencies could result in payment delays, impair our ability to perform work on existing contracts, and/or negatively impact future orders. Alternatively, Congress may fund the remainder of fiscal year 2018 by passing one or more Continuing Resolutions; however, this could restrict the execution of certain program activities and delay new programs or competitions.
In addition, there continues to be uncertainty with respect to program-level appropriations for the U.S. DoD and other government agencies, including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), within the overall budgetary framework described above. Future budget cuts or investment priority changes could result in reductions, cancellations and/or delays of existing contracts or programs. Any of these impacts could have a material effect on the results of the Company’s operations, financial position and/or cash flows.

38
Table of Contents

Results of Operations
(Dollars in millions)
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30

2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Revenues

$15,520

 

$17,281

 

$5,470

 

$5,751

Earnings from operations

$1,670

 

$1,443

 

$559

 

$564

Operating margins
10.8
%
 
8.4
%
 
10.2
%
 
9.8
%
Since our operating cycle is long-term and involves many different types of development and production contracts with varying delivery and milestone schedules, the operating results of a particular period may not be indicative of future operating results. In addition, depending on the customer and their funding sources, our orders might be structured as annual follow-on contracts, or as one large multi-year order or long-term award. As a result, period-to-period comparisons of backlog are not necessarily indicative of future workloads. The following discussions of comparative results among periods should be viewed in this context.
Deliveries of units for new-build production aircraft, including remanufactures and modifications, were as follows:
 
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30

2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
F/A-18 Models
18
 
20
 
6
 
6
F-15 Models
11
 
11
 
4
 
4
C-17 Globemaster III

 
4
 

 

CH-47 Chinook (New)
6
 
17
 
2
 
7
CH-47 Chinook (Renewed)
28
 
23
 
9
 
7
AH-64 Apache (New)
8
 
25
 
3
 
10
AH-64 Apache (Remanufactured)
43
 
27
 
15
 
9
P-8 Models
14
 
13
 
5
 
4
Total
128
 
140
 
44
 
47
Revenues
BDS revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 decreased by $1,761 million compared with the same period in 2016 primarily due to fewer C-17 deliveries and the mix of deliveries on the Apache and F-15 programs. The decrease was partially offset by higher volume on various weapons programs.
BDS revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2017 decreased by $281 million compared with the same period in 2016. The decrease was primarily due to lower revenues related to KC-46A Tanker program milestones and delivery mix on the Chinook, Apache and F-15 programs, partially offset by higher volume on various weapons programs.
Earnings From Operations
BDS earnings from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $227 million compared with the same period in 2016 primarily due to lower charges on the KC-46A Tanker and Commercial Crew programs, which more than offset the impact of fewer C-17 deliveries and Apache delivery mix. BDS recorded charges related to the KC-46A Tanker program of $97 million and $287 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. BDS recorded a charge of $162 million on the Commercial Crew program in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

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Table of Contents

BDS earnings from operations for the three months ended September 30, 2017 remained largely consistent with the same period in 2016. Third quarter 2017 includes a $73 million charge on the KC-46A Tanker program and third quarter 2016 includes a charge of $162 million on the Commercial Crew program. Lower 2017 revenues and earnings from United Launch Alliance (ULA) also contributed to the year over year change.
BDS earnings from operations include equity earnings of $151 million and $38 million for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $177 million and $53 million for the same periods in 2016 primarily from our ULA joint venture.
Backlog
Total backlog increased from $44,825 million at December 31, 2016 to $45,852 million as of September 30, 2017 primarily due to current year contract awards for the Apache and weapons programs, partially offset by revenue recognized on contracts awarded in prior years.
Additional Considerations
Our BDS business includes a variety of development programs which have complex design and technical challenges. Many of these programs have cost-type contracting arrangements. In these cases, the associated financial risks are primarily in reduced fees, lower profit rates or program cancellation if cost, schedule or technical performance issues arise. Examples of these programs include Ground-based Midcourse Defense, Proprietary and Space Launch System programs.
Some of our development programs are contracted on a fixed-price basis. Many of these programs have highly complex designs. As technical or quality issues arise during development, we may experience schedule delays and cost impacts, which could increase our estimated cost to perform the work or reduce our estimated price, either of which could result in a material charge or otherwise adversely affect our financial condition. These programs are ongoing, and while we believe the cost and fee estimates incorporated in the financial statements are appropriate, the technical complexity of these programs creates financial risk as additional completion costs may become necessary or scheduled delivery dates could be extended, which could trigger termination provisions, the loss of satellite in-orbit incentive payments, or other financially significant exposure. These programs have risk for reach-forward losses if our estimated costs exceed our estimated contract revenues. Examples of significant fixed-price development programs include USAF KC-46A Tanker, Commercial Crew and commercial and military satellites.
Revenue and cost estimates for all significant contracts are reviewed and reassessed quarterly. Changes in these estimates could result in recognition of cumulative catch-up adjustments to the contract’s inception-to-date revenues, cost of sales and profit, in the period in which such changes are made. Changes in revenue and cost estimates could also result in a reach-forward loss or an adjustment to a reach-forward loss, which would be recorded immediately in earnings. Net cumulative catch-up adjustments to prior years' earnings, including reach-forward losses, across all contracts were as follows:
(Dollars in millions)
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30
 
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Increase/(Decrease) to Earnings from Operations
$
182

 
$
(289
)
 
(68
)
 
$
(69
)
Net favorable cumulative contract adjustments, including reach-forward losses, in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were primarily due to vertical lift and F-15 programs, partially offset by the KC-46A Tanker charges. Net unfavorable adjustments in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 were primarily due to the KC-46A Tanker and Commercial Crew charges.
KC-46A Tanker See the discussion of the KC-46A Tanker program on page 34.
United Launch Alliance See the discussion of Indemnifications to ULA and Financing Commitments in Notes 4, 8 and 9 of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

40
Table of Contents

Sea Launch See the discussion of the Sea Launch receivables in Note 7 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Commercial Crew See the discussion of Fixed-Price Development Contracts in Note 8 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Global Services
Results of Operations
(Dollars in millions)
Nine months ended September 30
Three months ended September 30

2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Revenues

$10,638

 

$10,508

 

$3,568

 

$3,506

Earnings from operations

$1,639

 

$1,609

 

$506

 

$524

Operating margins
15.4
%
 
15.3
%
 
14.2
%
 
14.9
%
Revenues
BGS revenues for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $130 million and $62 million compared with the same periods in 2016 primarily due to higher commercial parts revenues, partially offset by lower government services revenues.
Earnings From Operations
BGS earnings from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $30 million compared with the same period in 2016, primarily due to higher revenues. Earnings from operations for the three months ended September 30, 2017 decreased by $18 million compared with the same period in 2016, primarily due to unfavorable mix more than offsetting higher revenues. Operating margin of 14.2% during the three months ended September 30, 2017 primarily reflects an unfavorable mix of commercial parts.
Net favorable cumulative contract catch-up adjustments for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017, were $9 million lower and $9 million higher, compared with the same periods in 2016.
Backlog
BGS total backlog increased from $15,631 million as of December 31, 2016 to $16,251 million at September 30, 2017, primarily due to current year contract awards including C-17, F-15, and Apache support programs, partially offset by revenue recognized on contracts awarded in prior years.
Boeing Capital
Results of Operations
(Dollars in millions)
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30

2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Revenues

$234

 

$211

 

$70

 

$63

Earnings from operations

$87

 

$36

 

$23

 

$13

Operating margins
37
%
 
17
%
 
33
%
 
21
%
Revenues
Boeing Capital (BCC) segment revenues consist principally of lease income from equipment under operating lease, interest income from financing receivables and notes, and other income. BCC’s revenues for the nine

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and three months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $23 million and $7 million compared with the same periods in 2016 primarily due to higher interest income driven by a larger portfolio during 2017.
Earnings From Operations
BCC’s earnings from operations are presented net of interest expense, provision for (recovery of) losses, asset impairment expense, depreciation on leased equipment and other operating expenses. Earnings from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $51 million compared with the same period in 2016, primarily due to lower impairment expenses and higher revenues. Earnings from operations for the three months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $10 million compared with the same period in 2016, primarily due to higher revenues.
Financial Position
The following table presents selected financial data for BCC:
(Dollars in millions)
September 30
2017

 
December 31
2016

Customer financing and investment portfolio, net

$3,366

 

$4,109

Other assets, primarily cash and short-term investments
1,191

 
346

Total assets

$4,557

 

$4,455

 
 
 
 
Other liabilities, primarily deferred income taxes

$923

 

$1,007

Debt, including intercompany loans
3,028

 
2,864

Equity
606

 
584

Total liabilities and equity

$4,557

 

$4,455

 
 
 
 
Debt-to-equity ratio
5.0-to-1

 
4.9-to-1

BCC’s customer financing and investment portfolio at September 30, 2017 decreased from December 31, 2016 primarily due to $938 million of asset sales, note payoffs, and portfolio run-off, partially offset by new volume. BCC enters into certain transactions with Boeing, reflected in Unallocated items, eliminations and other, in the form of intercompany guarantees and other subsidies that mitigate the effects of certain credit quality or asset impairment issues on the BCC segment.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Flow Summary
(Dollars in millions)
Nine months ended September 30
 
2017

 
2016

Net earnings

$5,065

 

$3,264

Non-cash items
1,907

 
1,793

Changes in working capital
3,468

 
2,610

Net cash provided by operating activities
10,440

 
7,667

Net cash used by investing activities
(1,636
)
 
(1,964
)
Net cash used by financing activities
(9,109
)
 
(8,013
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
73

 
(6
)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(232
)
 
(2,316
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
8,801

 
11,302

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

$8,569

 

$8,986

Operating Activities Net cash provided by operating activities was $10.4 billion during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared with $7.7 billion during the same period in 2016. The increase was primarily driven by changes in working capital with higher advances more than offsetting inventory increases. Advances and progress billings increased by $5.2 billion during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and decreased by $1.8 billion during the same period in 2016. Gross inventories increased by $2.3 billion during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, driven by continued investment in commercial airplane program inventory. Gross inventories decreased by $4.7 billion during the same period in 2016, primarily driven by the reclassification of 787 flight test aircraft and reach-forward losses recorded on our 747 program which did not affect 2016 operating cash flows.
Required pension contributions under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, as well as rules governing funding of our non-US pension plans, are expected to be minimal in 2017. During the third quarter of 2017, we contributed 14.4 million shares of our common stock with an aggregate value of $3.5 billion and $0.5 billion in cash to our pension plans. These contributions exceed our previously announced plan to contribute approximately $0.5 billion to our pension plans in 2017.
Investing Activities Cash used by investing activities was $1.6 billion during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared with $2.0 billion during the same period in 2016. In the nine months ended September 30, 2017, capital expenditures totaled $1.3 billion, down from $2.0 billion during the same period in 2016. We expect capital expenditures in 2017 to be lower than 2016.
Financing Activities Cash used by financing activities was $9.1 billion, compared with $8.0 billion during the same period in 2016. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we issued $0.9 billion of debt compared with $1.3 billion in the same period in 2016.
At September 30, 2017, the recorded balance of debt was $10.8 billion, of which $1.0 billion was classified as short-term. Debt, including intercompany loans, attributable to BCC totaled $3.0 billion, of which $1.1 billion was classified as short-term.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 we repurchased 39.5 million shares totaling $7.5 billion through our open market share repurchase program. In addition, 0.7 million shares were transferred to us from employees for tax withholdings. At September 30, 2017, the amount available under the share repurchase plan, announced on December 12, 2016, totaled $6.5 billion.
Capital Resources We have substantial borrowing capacity. Any future borrowings may affect our credit ratings and are subject to various debt covenants as described below. We have a commercial paper program that continues to serve as a significant potential source of short-term liquidity. Throughout the nine months

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ended September 30, 2017, we had no commercial paper borrowings outstanding. Currently, we have $5.0 billion of unused borrowing capacity on revolving credit line agreements. We anticipate that these credit lines will primarily serve as backup liquidity to support our general corporate borrowing needs.
Financing commitments totaled $13.1 billion and $14.8 billion at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. We anticipate that we will not be required to fund a significant portion of our financing commitments as we continue to work with third party financiers to provide alternative financing to customers. Historically, we have not been required to fund significant amounts of outstanding commitments. However, there can be no assurances that we will not be required to fund greater amounts than historically required. In addition, many of our non-U.S. customers finance aircraft purchases through the Export-Import Bank of the United States. Following the expiration of the bank’s charter on June 30, 2015, the bank’s charter was reauthorized in December 2015. The bank is now authorized through September 30, 2019. However, until the U.S. Senate confirms members sufficient to reconstitute a quorum of the bank’s board of directors, the bank will not be able to approve any transaction totaling more than $10 million. As a result, we may fund additional commitments and/or enter into new financing arrangements with customers.
In the event we require additional funding to support strategic business opportunities, our commercial aircraft financing commitments, unfavorable resolution of litigation or other loss contingencies, or other business requirements, we expect to meet increased funding requirements by issuing commercial paper or term debt.
We believe our ability to access external capital resources should be sufficient to satisfy existing short-term and long-term commitments and plans, and also to provide adequate financial flexibility to take advantage of potential strategic business opportunities should they arise within the next year. However, there can be no assurance of the cost or availability of future borrowings, if any, under our commercial paper program, in the debt markets or our credit facilities.
At September 30, 2017, we were in compliance with the covenants for our debt and credit facilities. The most restrictive covenants include a limitation on mortgage debt and sale and leaseback transactions as a percentage of consolidated net tangible assets (as defined in the credit agreements), and a limitation on consolidated debt as a percentage of total capital (as defined). When considering debt covenants, we continue to have substantial borrowing capacity.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We are a party to certain off-balance sheet arrangements including certain guarantees. For discussion of these arrangements, see Note 9 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Contingent Obligations
We have significant contingent obligations that arise in the ordinary course of business, which include the following:
Legal Various legal proceedings, claims and investigations are pending against us. Legal contingencies are discussed in Note 16 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Environmental Remediation We are involved with various environmental remediation activities and have recorded a liability of $543 million at September 30, 2017. For additional information, see Note 8 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Non-GAAP Measures
Core Operating Earnings, Core Operating Margin and Core Earnings Per Share
Our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements are prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America (GAAP) which we supplement with certain non-GAAP financial information. These non-GAAP measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the related GAAP measures, and other companies may define such measures

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differently. We encourage investors to review our financial statements and publicly-filed reports in their entirety and not to rely on any single financial measure. Core operating earnings, core operating margin and core earnings per share exclude the impact of certain pension and other postretirement benefit expenses that are not allocated to business segments. Pension costs, comprising service and prior service costs computed in accordance with GAAP are allocated to BCA and certain BGS businesses supporting commercial customers. Pension costs allocated to BDS and BGS businesses supporting government customers are computed in accordance with U.S. Government Cost Accounting Standards (CAS), which employ different actuarial assumptions and accounting conventions than GAAP. CAS costs are allocable to government contracts. Other postretirement benefit costs are allocated to all business segments based on CAS, which is generally based on benefits paid. The unallocated pension costs recognized in earnings was a benefit of $808 million and $275 million for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 compared with $129 million and $50 million for the same periods in 2016. The higher 2017 benefit reflects the amortization of pension benefits capitalized as inventory in prior years.
For further discussion of pension and other postretirement costs see the Management’s Discussion and Analysis on page 32 of this Form 10-Q and on page 46 of our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Management uses core operating earnings, core operating margin and core earnings per share for purposes of evaluating and forecasting underlying business performance. Management believes these core earnings measures provide investors additional insights into operational performance as unallocated pension and other postretirement benefit cost, primarily represent costs driven by market factors and costs not allocable to U.S. government contracts.
Reconciliation of GAAP Measures to Non-GAAP Measures
The table below reconciles the non-GAAP financial measures of core operating earnings, core operating margin and core earnings per share with the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures of earnings from operations, operating margins and diluted earnings per share.
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
Nine months ended September 30
 
Three months ended September 30

2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Revenues

$68,024

 

$71,285

 

$24,309

 

$23,898

Earnings from operations, as reported

$7,248

 

$3,651

 

$2,689

 

$2,282

Operating margins
10.7
%
 
5.1
%
 
11.1
%
 
9.5
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unallocated pension income

($808
)
 

($129
)
 

($275
)
 

($50
)
Unallocated other postretirement benefit income

($146
)
 

($122
)
 

($41
)
 

($38
)
Unallocated pension and other postretirement benefit income

($954
)
 

($251
)
 

($316
)
 

($88
)
Core operating earnings (non-GAAP)

$6,294

 

$3,400

 

$2,373

 

$2,194

Core operating margins (non-GAAP)
9.3
%
 
4.8
%
 
9.8
%
 
9.2
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per share, as reported

$8.27

 

$5.04

 

$3.06

 

$3.60

Unallocated pension benefit income
(1.31
)
 
(0.20
)
 
(0.45
)
 
(0.08
)
Unallocated other postretirement benefit income
(0.24
)
 
(0.19
)
 
(0.07
)
 
(0.06
)
Provision for deferred income taxes on adjustments (1)

$0.54

 

$0.14

 

$0.18

 

$0.05

Core earnings per share (non-GAAP)

$7.26

 

$4.79

 

$2.72

 

$3.51

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average diluted shares (in millions)
612.8

 
647.9

 
606.3

 
632.7

(1) 
The income tax impact is calculated using the tax rate in effect for the non-GAAP adjustments.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There have been no significant changes to our market risk since December 31, 2016.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
(a)Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2017 and have concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(b)Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.
There were no changes that occurred during the third quarter of 2017 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II. Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Currently, we are involved in a number of legal proceedings. For a discussion of contingencies related to legal proceedings, see Note 16 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table provides information about purchases we made during the quarter ended September 30, 2017 of equity securities that are registered by us pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act:
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
 
(a)
 
(b)
 
(c)
 
(d)
 
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased (1)

 
Average
Price
Paid per
Share

 
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs

 
Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares That
May Yet be Purchased
Under the Plans or
Programs (2)

7/1/2017 thru 7/31/2017
4,056,347

 

$207.19

 
4,049,851

 

$8,161

8/1/2017 thru 8/31/2017
4,553,046

 
237.72

 
4,541,252

 
7,082

9/1/2017 thru 9/30/2017
2,417,856

 
241.21

 
2,410,417

 
6,501

Total
11,027,249

 

$227.25

 
11,001,520

 
 
(1) 
We purchased an aggregate of 11,001,520 shares of our common stock in the open market pursuant to our repurchase program and 25,729 shares transferred to us from employees in satisfaction of minimum tax withholding obligations associated with the vesting of restricted stock units during the period. We did not purchase shares in swap transactions.
(2) 
On December 12, 2016, we announced a new repurchase plan for up to $14 billion of common stock, replacing the plan previously authorized in 2015.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Not applicable.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
Not applicable.

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Item 6. Exhibits
 
 
3.2
 
 
10.1

 
 
12
 
 
15
 
 
31.1
 
 
31.2
 
 
32.1
 
 
32.2
 
 
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document
 
 
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
 
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 
 
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
 
 
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
 
 
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document


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Signature
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
THE BOEING COMPANY
 
 
(Registrant)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
October 25, 2017
 
/s/ Robert E. Verbeck
(Date)
 
Robert E. Verbeck – Senior Vice President, Finance and Corporate Controller

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