q4fy2010.htm
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the fiscal year ended September 2, 2010
OR
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the transition period from to
Commission file number 1-10658
Micron Technology, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
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75-1618004
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(State or other jurisdiction of
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(IRS Employer
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incorporation or organization)
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Identification No.)
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8000 S. Federal Way, Boise, Idaho
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83716-9632
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(Address of principal executive offices)
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(Zip Code)
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Registrant’s telephone number, including area code
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(208) 368-4000
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Title of each class
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Name of each exchange on which registered
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Common Stock, par value $.10 per share
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NASDAQ Global Select Market
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ¨ No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
Large Accelerated Filer x
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Accelerated Filer o
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Non-Accelerated Filer o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
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Smaller Reporting Company o
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing price of such stock on March 4, 2010, as reported by the NASDAQ Global Select Market, was approximately $6.1 billion. Shares of common stock held by each executive officer and director and by each person who owns 5% or more of the outstanding common stock have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.
The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock as of October 19, 2010, was 996,245,706.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Proxy Statement for registrant’s 2010 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on December 16, 2010, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
PART I
Item 1. Business
The following discussion contains trend information and other forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements such as those made in“Products” regarding increased sales of DDR3 DRAM products and growth in demand for NAND Flash products and solid-state drives; and in “Manufacturing” regarding the transition to smaller line-width process technologies. Our actual results could differ materially from our historical results and those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include, but are not limited to, those identified in “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” All period references are to our fiscal periods unless otherwise indicated.
Corporate Information
Micron Technology, Inc., and its consolidated subsidiaries, a Delaware corporation, was incorporated in 1978. As used herein, “we,” “our,” “us” and similar terms include Micron Technology, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise. Our executive offices are located at 8000 South Federal Way, Boise, Idaho 83716-9632 and our telephone number is (208) 368-4000. Information about us is available on the internet at www.micron.com. Copies of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, as well as any amendments to these reports, are available through the our website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Materials filed by us with the SEC are also available at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room is available by calling (800) SEC-0330. Also available on our website are our: Corporate Governance Guidelines, Governance Committee Charter, Compensation Committee Charter, Audit Committee Charter and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. Any amendments or waivers of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics will also be posted on our website at www.micron.com within four business days of the amendment or waiver. Copies of these documents are available to shareholders upon request. Information contained or referenced on our website is not incorporated by reference and does not form a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview
We are a global manufacturer and marketer of semiconductor devices, principally DRAM, NAND Flash and NOR Flash memory, as well as other innovative memory technologies, packaging solutions and semiconductor systems for use in leading-edge computing, consumer, networking, embedded and mobile products. In addition, we manufacture semiconductor components for CMOS image sensors and other semiconductor products. We market our products through our internal sales force, independent sales representatives and distributors primarily to original equipment manufacturers and retailers located around the world. Our success is largely dependent on the market acceptance of our diversified portfolio of semiconductor products, efficient utilization of our manufacturing infrastructure, successful ongoing development of advanced process technologies and the return on research and development investments.
We obtain product for sale through two primary channels: 1) production from wholly-owned manufacturing facilities and 2) production from our joint venture manufacturing facilities. In recent years, we have obtained additional manufacturing scale and diversity of products through strategic acquisitions and various partnering arrangements, including joint ventures which have helped us to attain lower cash costs than we could otherwise achieve through internal investments alone. In addition, we have leveraged our significant investments in research and development by sharing costs of developing memory product and process technologies with our joint venture partners.
In 2010, we had two reportable segments, Memory and Numonyx. Our other business activities are reflected in All Other nonreportable segments. Due to the similarity of activities and processes for the Memory and Numonyx segments, within the Business section of this report, only areas where there are significant differences are presented by segment. The continued integration of Numonyx into our operations will likely result in the re-definition of our reportable segments in 2011.
Memory: The Memory segment’s primary products are DRAM and NAND Flash, which are key memory components used in a broad array of electronic applications, including personal computers, workstations, network servers, mobile phones and other consumer applications including Flash memory cards, USB storage devices, digital still cameras, MP3/4 players and in automotive applications. We are focused on improving our Memory segment’s competitiveness by developing new products, advancing our technology and reducing costs.
Numonyx: On May 7, 2010, we completed our acquisition of Numonyx Holdings B.V. (“Numonyx”), which manufactures and sells NOR Flash, NAND Flash, DRAM and Phase Change memory technologies and products. We acquired Numonyx in a stock-for-stock transaction to further strengthen our portfolio of memory products, increase manufacturing and revenue scale, access Numonyx’s customer base and provide opportunities to increase multi-chip offerings in the embedded and mobile markets. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Numonyx Holdings B.V.” note.)
All Other: Operating results of All Other primarily reflect activity of our wafer manufacturing operations for CMOS image sensors and also include activity of our microdisplay, solar and other operations. We manufacture CMOS image sensor products for Aptina Imaging Corporation (“Aptina”), which is 35% owned by us, under a wafer supply agreement. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Supplemental Balance Sheet Information – Equity Method Investments – Aptina” note.)
Products
Memory: Sales of Memory products were 88%, 89% and 89% of our total net sales in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Dynamic Random Access Memory (“DRAM”): DRAM products are high-density, low-cost-per-bit, random access memory devices that provide high-speed data storage and retrieval. DRAM products were 60%, 50% and 54% of our total net sales in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. We offer DRAM products with a variety of performance, pricing and other characteristics including high-volume DDR3 and DDR2 products as well as specialty DRAM memory products including DDR, SDRAM, Mobile Low Power DRAM, PSRAM and RLDRAM.
DDR3 and DDR2: DDR3 and DDR2 are standardized, high-density, high-volume DRAM products that are sold primarily for use as main system memory in computers and servers. DDR3 and DDR2 products offer high speed and high bandwidth at a relatively low cost compared to other DRAM products. DDR3 products were 22% of our total net sales in 2010 as compared to 7% of our total net sales in 2009 and we expect that sales of DDR3 products as a percentage of total net sales will continue to increase in 2011. DDR2 products were 24%, 22% and 28% of our total net sales in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
We offer DDR3 products in 1 gigabit (“Gb”) and 2 Gb densities and DDR2 products in 256 megabit (“Mb”), 512 Mb, 1 Gb and 2 Gb densities. We expect that these densities will be necessary to meet future customer demands for a broad array of products and offer these products in multiple configurations, speeds and package types. In connection with our investment in Inotera in 2009, we also offered DDR2 and DDR3 DRAM products manufactured by Inotera using a trench DRAM technology. As Inotera transitioned to our stack DRAM technology it discontinued wafers starts on trench DRAM in July of 2010. All wafer starts since that time have been on our stack DRAM technology.
Other DRAM products: We also offer specialty DRAM memory products including DDR, SDRAM, DDR and DDR2 Mobile Low Power DRAM (“LPDRAM”), Pseudo-static RAM (“PSRAM”) and Reduced Latency DRAM (“RLDRAM”), in densities ranging from 64 Mb to 2 Gb, which are used primarily in networking devices, servers, consumer electronics, communications equipment and computer peripherals as well as computer memory upgrades. Aggregate sales of these products were 14%, 21% and 25% of our total net sales in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
NAND Flash memory (“NAND”): NAND products are electrically re-writeable, non-volatile semiconductor memory devices that retain content when power is turned off. NAND sales for the Memory segment were 28%, 39% and 35% of our total net sales in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. NAND is ideal for mass-storage devices due to its fast erase and write times, high density, and low cost per bit relative to other solid-state memory. Removable storage devices, such as USB and Flash memory cards, are used with applications such as personal computers, digital still cameras, MP3/4 players and mobile phones. Embedded NAND-based storage devices are utilized in mobile phones, MP3/4 players, computers, solid-state drives (“SSD’s”), tablets and other personal and consumer applications. The market for NAND products has grown rapidly and we expect it to continue to grow due to demand for these and other removable and embedded storage devices.
DRAM, NAND and NOR share common manufacturing processes, enabling us to leverage our product and process technologies and manufacturing infrastructure across these product lines. Our NAND designs feature a small cell structure that enables higher densities for demanding applications. We offer Single-Level Cell (“SLC”) products and Multi-Level Cell (“MLC”) NAND products, which have two or more times the bit density of SLC products. In 2010, we offered SLC NAND products in 1 Gb, 2 Gb, 4 Gb and 8 Gb densities. In addition, we offered 8 Gb, 16 Gb, 32 Gb and 64 Gb 2-bit-per-cell MLC NAND products and 32 Gb and 64 Gb 3-bit-per-cell MLC NAND products. We offer high-speed NAND products that deliver much faster access by leveraging ONFI 2.0/2.1/2.2 specifications and a four-plane architecture with higher clock speeds.
We offer next-generation RealSSD™ solid-state drives for enterprise server and notebook applications which feature higher performance, reduced power consumption and enhanced reliability as compared to typical hard disk drives. Using our SLC and MLC NAND process technology, these solid-state drives (“SSDs”) are offered in 2.5-inch and 1.8-inch form factors, with densities up to 256 gigabytes and as embedded USB devices with densities up to 16 gigabytes. We expect that demand for SSD’s will increase significantly over the next few years. We also offer NAND Flash in multichip packages (“MCP’s”) that incorporate NAND Flash with other memory products to create a single package that simplifies design while improving performance and functionality.
Our Lexar subsidiary sells high-performance digital media products and other flash-based storage products through retail and original equipment manufacturing (“OEM”) channels. Our digital media products include a variety of Flash memory cards with a range of speeds, capacities and value-added features. Our digital media products also include our JumpDrive™ products, which are high-speed, portable USB flash drives for consumer applications that serve a variety of uses, including floppy disk replacement and digital media accessories such as card readers and image rescue software. We offer Flash memory cards in a variety of speeds and capacities and in all major media formats currently used by digital cameras and other electronic host devices, including: CompactFlash, Memory Stick and Secure Digital Cards. CompactFlash and Memory Stick products sold by us incorporate our patented controller technology. Other products, including Secure Digital Card Flash memory cards and some JumpDrive products, incorporate third party controllers. We sell products under our Lexar™ brand and manufacture products that are sold under other brand names, including pursuant to an agreement with Eastman Kodak Company to sell digital media products under the Kodak brand name. We also resell Flash memory products that are purchased from suppliers.
Numonyx: Sales of Numonyx products were 7% of our total net sales in 2010, reflecting sales after the May 7, 2010 acquisition of Numonyx.
NOR Flash Memory (“NOR”): NOR products are electrically re-writeable, non-volatile semiconductor memory devices that retain content when power is turned off, offer fast read times due to random access capability and have execute-in-place (“XiP”) capability, which enables processors to read NOR without first accessing RAM. These capabilities make NOR ideal for storing program code in wireless and embedded applications. NOR is the principal product of the Numonyx segment and NOR sales from the May 7, 2010 acquisition of Numonyx were 5% of our total net sales for 2010. We offer NOR products in scalable densities from 32 Mb to 2 Gb and in a wide range of voltages to meet embedded application design requirements.
We offer NOR in several product families to address different customer requirements for embedded and wireless applications. For embedded applications, Axcell™ NOR products feature memories that are divided into blocks that can be erased independently to allow valid data to be preserved while old data is erased and offer higher flexibility in code storage via both asymmetrical and symmetrical block architecture. These Axcell™ products feature flexible partition Read-While-Write/Erase (RWW/E) operation, which allows data to be read from one bank, or group of banks, while another bank is written or erased.
For wireless applications, we offer NOR flash in several product families to address a variety of applications. “M Family” StrataFlash® cellular memory NOR products, manufactured on our advanced 65nm process technology, deliver the highest available density and performance in the market for XiP solutions. “L Family” StrataFlash® cellular memory NOR products offer long-term solutions for legacy platform architectures. “W Family” NOR products offer reliable solutions for designers looking for easy integration, low density and low power.
We also offer Forté™ serial flash memory NOR products to address applications that require small, low-power and cost-effective memory solutions. Forté™ serial flash memory NOR products are offered in four product families to address different performance requirements.
NAND and DRAM: The Numonyx segment sells NAND and DRAM products primarily in MCP’s that combine NAND and/or DRAM with NOR and other memory components. See additional description of NAND, DRAM and MCP’s under Memory segment products above.
Phase Change Memory (“PCM”): PCM is a new memory technology that combines the best attributes of NOR, NAND and RAM, simplifying memory and producing more capabilities within a single chip. PCM is bit-alterable, non-volatile memory featuring fast read/write/erase speeds that is highly scalable to lower line-width technologies. We currently offer Omneo™ PCM products and are developing next generation PCM products.
All Other: We manufacture CMOS image sensor products for Aptina under a wafer supply agreement. Our sales of these products are dependent on Aptina’s ability to successfully design and market its CMOS image sensor products to end customers. We are also developing microdisplay and solar products.
Partnering Arrangements
The following is a summary of our partnering arrangements as of September 2, 2010:
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Partner(s)
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Approximate Micron
Ownership Interest
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Formed/
Acquired
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Product Market
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Consolidated Entities:
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IMFT
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Intel Corporation
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51 |
% |
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2006 |
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NAND Flash
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(1 |
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IMFS
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Intel Corporation
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57 |
% |
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2007 |
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NAND Flash
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(1 |
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TECH
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Canon Inc. and Hewlett-Packard Corporation
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87 |
% |
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1998 |
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DRAM
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(2 |
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MP Mask
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Photronics, Inc.
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50 |
% |
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2006 |
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Photomasks
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(3 |
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Equity Method Investments:
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Inotera
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Nanya Technology Corporation
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30 |
% |
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2009 |
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DRAM
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(4 |
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MeiYa
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Nanya Technology Corporation
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50 |
% |
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2008 |
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DRAM
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(4 |
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Transform
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Origin Energy Limited
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50 |
% |
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2010 |
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Solar Panels
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(5 |
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Aptina
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Riverwood Capital LLC and TPG Partners VI, L.P.
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35 |
% |
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2009 |
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CMOS Image Sensors
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(6 |
) |
(1)
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IM Flash: We have partnered with Intel Corporation (“Intel”) for the design, development and manufacture of NAND Flash products. In connection therewith, we have formed two joint ventures with Intel to manufacture NAND Flash memory products for the exclusive benefit of the partners: IM Flash Technologies, LLC (“IMFT”) and IM Flash Singapore LLP (“IMFS”) (collectively, “IM Flash”). The parties share the output of IM Flash generally in proportion to their investment in IM Flash. We sell NAND Flash products to Intel through IM Flash at long-term negotiated prices approximating cost. We generally share product design and other research and development costs equally with Intel. In the second quarter of 2010, IM Flash commenced start-up activities, including placing purchase orders and preparing for tool installations, at its new 300mm wafer fabrication facility in Singapore. IM Flash is included in our Memory segment. Our interest in IMFS increased to 71% on October 5, 2010, at which time we obtained a majority of the seats of the board of managers of IMFS. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Consolidated Variable Interest Entities – NAND Flash joint ventures with Intel” note.)
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(2)
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TECH: We have a DRAM memory manufacturing joint venture in Singapore, TECH Semiconductor Singapore Pte. Ltd. (“TECH”) among us, Canon Inc. (“Canon”) and Hewlett-Packard Company (“HP”). As of September 2, 2010, we owned an approximate 87% interest in TECH. Subject to specific terms and conditions of the joint venture agreements, we have agreed to purchase all of the products manufactured by TECH. TECH’s semiconductor manufacturing facilities use our product and process technology. The shareholders’ agreement for the TECH joint venture expires in April 2011. In September 2009, TECH received a notice from HP that it does not intend to extend the TECH joint venture beyond April 2011. We are in discussions with HP and Canon to reach a resolution of this matter. The parties’ inability to reach a resolution prior to April 2011 could result in the sale of TECH’s assets and could require repayment of TECH’s credit facility ($348 million outstanding as of September 2, 2010). As of September 2, 2010, the carrying value of TECH’s net assets was $1.1 billion. TECH accounted for 45% of our total DRAM wafer production in 2010, including 48% in the fourth quarter of 2010. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – TECH Semiconductor Singapore Pte. Ltd.” note.)
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(3)
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MP Mask: We produce photomasks for leading-edge and advanced next generation semiconductors through MP Mask Technology Center, LLC (“MP Mask”), a joint venture with Photronics, Inc. (“Photronics”). We and Photronics also have supply arrangements wherein we purchase a substantial majority of the reticles produced by MP Mask. MP Mask is included in our Memory segment. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Consolidated Variable Interest Entities – MP Mask Technology Center, LLC.” note.)
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(4)
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Inotera and MeiYa: We have partnered with Nanya Technology Corporation (“Nanya”) for the design, development and manufacture of stack DRAM products, including the joint development of DRAM process technology. In connection therewith, we have partnered with Nanya in two Taiwan DRAM memory companies, Inotera Memories, Inc. (“Inotera”) and MeiYa Technology Corporation (“MeiYa”). We have a supply agreement with Inotera and Nanya which gives us the right and obligation to purchase 50% of Inotera’s semiconductor memory components subject to specific terms and conditions. Under the formula for this supply agreement, all parties’ manufacturing costs related to wafers supplied by Inotera, as well as our and Nanya’s selling prices for the resale of products from wafers supplied by Inotera, are considered in determining costs for wafers from Inotera. We also partner with Nanya to jointly develop process technology and designs to manufacture stack DRAM products. In connection with the partnering agreement, we have also deployed and licensed certain intellectual property related to the manufacture of stack DRAM products to Nanya and licensed certain intellectual property from Nanya. Under a cost sharing arrangement effective beginning in April 2010, we generally share DRAM development costs equally with Nanya. In addition, in 2010, we began receiving royalties from Nanya for sales of stack DRAM products manufactured by or for Nanya with technology developed prior to April 2010. Inotera and MeiYa are included in our Memory segment. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Equity Method Investments – Inotera and MeiYa DRAM Joint Ventures with Nanya” note.)
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(5)
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Transform: On December 18, 2009, we acquired a 50% interest in Transform Solar Pty Limited (“Transform”), a subsidiary of Origin Energy Limited (“Origin”) in exchange for nonmonetary assets with a fair value of $65 million, consisting of manufacturing facilities, equipment, intellectual property and a fully-paid lease to a portion of our Boise, Idaho manufacturing facilities. Transform develops and manufactures photovoltaic solar panels. Transform is included in our All Other nonreportable segments. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Equity Method Investments – Transform” note.)
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(6)
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Aptina: We manufacture CMOS image sensor products for Aptina under a wafer supply agreement. Our ownership in Aptina constitutes 35% of Aptina’s total common and preferred stock and 64% of Aptina’s common stock. Aptina is included in our All Other nonreportable segments. Our investment in Aptina is accounted for as an equity method investment, in which we recognize our share of Aptina’s results of operations based on our 64% share of Aptina’s common stock. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Equity Method Investments – Aptina” note.)
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Manufacturing
Our manufacturing facilities are located in the United States, China, Israel, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Puerto Rico and Singapore. Our Inotera joint venture also has a wafer fabrication facility in Taiwan. Our manufacturing facilities generally operate 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. Semiconductor manufacturing is extremely capital intensive, requiring large investments in sophisticated facilities and equipment. Most semiconductor equipment must be replaced every three to five years with increasingly advanced equipment.
Our process for manufacturing semiconductor products is complex, involving a number of precise steps, including wafer fabrication, assembly and test. Efficient production of semiconductor products requires utilization of advanced semiconductor manufacturing techniques and effective deployment of these techniques across multiple facilities. The primary determinants of manufacturing cost are die size, number of mask layers, number of fabrication steps and number of good die produced on each wafer. Other factors that contribute to manufacturing costs are wafer size, cost and sophistication of manufacturing equipment, equipment utilization, process complexity, cost of raw materials, labor productivity, package type and cleanliness of the manufacturing environment. We continuously enhance our production processes, reducing die sizes and transitioning to higher density products. In the second half of 2010, most of our DRAM products were manufactured using our 50nm line-width process technology and we expect to transition our DRAM production to 42nm line-width process technology in 2011. In 2010 we began transitioning production of our NAND Flash memory products to our 25nm line-width process technology and expect that most of our NAND Flash products will be manufactured with this process technology in 2011. In 2010, we manufactured substantially all of our high-volume DRAM and NAND Flash products on 300mm wafers. We manufactured NOR Flash, some specialty DRAM and CMOS image sensor products on 200mm wafers.
Wafer fabrication occurs in a highly controlled, clean environment to minimize dust and other yield- and quality-limiting contaminants. Despite stringent manufacturing controls, equipment errors, minute impurities in materials, defects in photomasks, circuit design marginalities or defects and dust particles can lead to wafers being scrapped and individual circuits being nonfunctional. Success of our manufacturing operations depends largely on minimizing defects to maximize yield of high-quality circuits. In this regard, we employ rigorous quality controls throughout the manufacturing, screening and testing processes. We are able to recover many nonstandard devices by testing and grading them to their highest level of functionality.
After fabrication, most silicon wafers are separated into individual die. We sell semiconductor products in both packaged and unpackaged (i.e. “bare die”) forms. For packaged products, functional die are sorted, connected to external leads and encapsulated in plastic packages. We assemble products in a variety of packages, including TSOP (thin small outline package), TQFP (thin quad flat package) and FBGA (fine pitch ball grid array). Bare die products address customer requirements for smaller form factors and higher memory densities and provide superior flexibility for use in packaging technologies such as systems-in-a-package (SIPs) and multi-chip packages (MCPs), which reduce the board area required.
We test our products at various stages in the manufacturing process, perform high temperature burn-in on finished products and conduct numerous quality control inspections throughout the entire production flow. In addition, we use our proprietary AMBYX™ line of intelligent test and burn-in systems to perform simultaneous circuit tests of DRAM die during the burn-in process, capturing quality and reliability data and reducing testing time and cost.
We assemble a significant portion of our memory products into memory modules. Memory modules consist of an array of memory components attached to printed circuit boards (“PCBs”) that insert directly into computer systems or other electronic devices. We also contract with independent foundries and assembly and testing organizations to manufacture Lexar flash media products such as memory cards and USB devices.
We utilize subcontractors to perform a significant portion of our assembly, test and module assembly services. Outsourcing these services enables us to reduce costs and minimize our capital investment.
In recent years, we have produced an increasingly broad portfolio of products, which enhances our ability to allocate resources to our most profitable products but also increases the complexity of our manufacturing process. Although our product lines generally use similar manufacturing processes, our overall cost efficiency can be affected by frequent conversions to new products, the allocation of manufacturing capacity to more complex, smaller-volume parts and the reallocation of manufacturing capacity across various product lines.
NAND Flash joint ventures with Intel Corporation: Our IM Flash joint ventures with Intel manufacture NAND Flash memory products for the exclusive benefit of the partners. We share the output of IM Flash with Intel generally in proportion to their investment in IM Flash. In the second quarter of 2010, IM Flash began moving forward with start-up activities in a new Singapore wafer fabrication facility, including placing purchase orders and tool installations that commenced in the first quarter of 2011.
Inotera: Under a supply agreement with Inotera, we have the right and obligation to obtain 50% of Inotera’s output, estimated to be approximately 65,000 300mm DRAM wafer starts per month by the end of calendar 2010. In 2010, Inotera substantially completed a transition of its manufacturing from trench DRAM process technology to our stack DRAM process technology.
TECH: Our TECH joint venture in Singapore manufactures DRAM products using our product and process technology. Subject to specific terms and conditions, we have agreed to purchase all of the products manufactured by TECH. In 2010, TECH accounted for approximately 24% of our total wafer production and 45% of our total DRAM production.
MP Mask: We produce photomasks for leading-edge and advanced next generation semiconductors through MP Mask. We and Photronics also have supply arrangements wherein we purchase a substantial majority of the reticles produced by MP Mask.
Aptina Supply Agreement: We manufacture CMOS image sensor products for Aptina under a wafer supply agreement.
(See “Partnering Arrangements”)
Availability of Raw Materials
Our production processes require raw materials that meet exacting standards, including several that are customized for, or are unique to, us. We generally have multiple sources and sufficient availability of supply; however, only a limited number of suppliers are capable of delivering certain raw materials that meet our standards. In some cases, materials are provided by a single supplier. Various factors could reduce the availability of raw materials such as silicon wafers, photomasks, chemicals, gases, lead frames, molding compound and other materials. In addition, transportation problems could delay our receipt of raw materials. Although raw materials shortages or transportation problems have not significantly interrupted our operations in the past, shortages may occur from time to time in the future. Also, lead times for the supply of raw materials have been extended in the past. If our supply of raw materials is interrupted, or lead times are extended, our results of operations could be adversely affected.
Marketing and Customers
Our products are sold into computing, consumer, networking, telecommunications, and imaging markets. Approximately 45% of our net sales for 2010 were to the computing market, which includes desktop PCs, servers, notebooks and workstations. Sales to Hewlett-Packard Company, primarily of DRAM, were 13% of our net sales in 2010. Sales to Intel, primarily of NAND Flash from our IM Flash joint ventures, were 9% of our net sales in 2010, 20% of our net sales in 2009 and 19% of our net sales in 2008.
Our Memory products are offered under the Micron, Lexar®, Crucial™ and SpecTek® brand names and private labels. Our Numonyx products are offered under the Numonyx® brand name. We market our Memory and Numonyx semiconductor products primarily through our own direct sales force and maintain sales offices in our primary markets around the world. We sell Lexar-branded NAND Flash memory products primarily through retail channels and our Crucial™-branded products primarily through a web-based customer direct sales channel. Our products are also offered through independent sales representatives and distributors. Independent sales representatives obtain orders subject to final acceptance by us and are compensated on a commission basis. We make shipments against these orders directly to the customer. Distributors carry our products in inventory and typically sell a variety of other semiconductor products, including competitors’ products. We maintain inventory at locations in close proximity to certain key customers to facilitate rapid delivery of products.
We offer products designed to meet the diverse needs of computing, server, automotive, networking, commercial/industrial, consumer electronics, mobile, embedded, security and medical applications. Many of our customers require a thorough review or qualification of semiconductor products, which may take several months.
Backlog
Because of volatile industry conditions, customers are reluctant to enter into long-term, fixed-price contracts. Accordingly, new order volumes for our semiconductor products fluctuate significantly. We typically accept orders with acknowledgment that the terms may be adjusted to reflect market conditions at the date of shipment. For these reasons, we do not believe that our order backlog as of any particular date is a reliable indicator of actual sales for any succeeding period.
Product Warranty
Because the design and manufacturing process for semiconductor products is highly complex, it is possible that we may produce products that do not comply with customer specifications, contain defects or are otherwise incompatible with end uses. In accordance with industry practice, we generally provide a limited warranty that our products are in compliance with our specifications existing at the time of delivery. Under our general terms and conditions of sale, liability for certain failures of product during a stated warranty period is usually limited to repair or replacement of defective items or return of, or a credit with respect to, amounts paid for such items. Under certain circumstances, we provide more extensive limited warranty coverage than that provided under our general terms and conditions.
Competition
We face intense competition in the semiconductor memory markets from a number of companies, including Elpida Memory, Inc.; Hynix Semiconductor Inc.; Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd; SanDisk Corporation; Spansion Inc. and Toshiba Corporation. Some of our competitors are large corporations or conglomerates that may have greater resources to withstand downturns in the semiconductor markets in which we compete, invest in technology and capitalize on growth opportunities. Our competitors seek to increase silicon capacity, improve yields, reduce die size and minimize mask levels in their product designs resulting in significantly increased worldwide supply and downward pressure on prices.
Research and Development
Our process technology research and development (“R&D”) efforts are focused primarily on development of successively smaller line-width process technologies, which are designed to facilitate our transition to next generation memory products. Additional process technology R&D efforts focus on advanced computing and mobile memory architectures, the investigation of new opportunities that leverage our core semiconductor expertise and the development of new manufacturing materials. Product design and development efforts are concentrated on our high density DDR3DRAM and LP-DDR2 mobile LPDRAM products as well as high density and mobile NAND Flash memory (including multi-level cell technology), NOR Flash memory, specialty memory, PCM and memory systems.
Our R&D expenses were $624 million, $647 million and $680 million in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. We generally share R&D process and design costs for NAND Flash equally with Intel and for DRAM equally with Nanya. As a result of reimbursements under our NAND Flash and DRAM cost sharing arrangements with our joint venture partners, our overall R&D expenses were reduced by $155 million, $107 million and $148 million in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
To compete in the semiconductor memory industry, we must continue to develop technologically advanced products and processes. We believe that expansion of our semiconductor product offerings is necessary to meet expected market demand for specific memory solutions. Our process development center and largest design center are located at our corporate headquarters in Boise, Idaho. We have several additional product design centers in other strategic locations around the world. In addition, we develop leading edge photolithography mask technology at our MP Mask joint venture facility in Boise.
R&D expenses vary primarily with the number of development wafers processed, the cost of advanced equipment dedicated to new product and process development, and personnel costs. Because of the lead times necessary to manufacture our products, we typically begin to process wafers before completion of performance and reliability testing. We deem development of a product complete once the product has been thoroughly reviewed and tested for performance and reliability. R&D expenses can vary significantly depending on the timing of product qualification.
Geographic Information
Sales to customers outside the United States totaled $7.1 billion for 2010 and included $3.3 billion in sales to China, $817 million in sales to Malaysia, $777 million in sales to Europe, $711 million in sales to Taiwan, and $1.1 billion in sales to the rest of the Asia Pacific region (excluding China, Malaysia and Taiwan). Sales to customers outside the United States totaled $3.9 billion for 2009 and $4.4 billion for 2008. As of September 2, 2010, we had net property, plant and equipment of $3.9 billion in the United States, $2.2 billion in Singapore, $173 million in Italy, $111 million in Israel, $90 million in China, $81 million in Japan, and $60 million in other countries. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Geographic Information” note and “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”)
Patents and Licenses
In recent years, we have been recognized as a leader in per capita and quality of patents issued. As of September 2, 2010, we owned approximately 16,800 U.S. patents and 2,900 foreign patents. In addition, we have numerous U.S. and foreign patent applications pending. Our patents have terms expiring through 2029.
We have a number of patent and intellectual property license agreements. Some of these license agreements require us to make one-time or periodic payments. We may need to obtain additional patent licenses or renew existing license agreements in the future. We are unable to predict whether these license agreements can be obtained or renewed on acceptable terms.
In recent years, we have recovered some of our investment in technology through sales or license of intellectual property rights to joint venture partners and other third parties. We are pursuing additional opportunities to recover our investment in intellectual property through additional sales or licenses of intellectual property and potential partnering arrangements. On October 1, 2010, we entered into a 10-year patent cross-license agreement with Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (“Samsung”). Under the agreement, Samsung will pay us $275 million, with $200 million paid in October 2010, $40 million due January 31, 2011 and $35 million due March 31, 2011. The license is a life-of-patents license for existing patents and applications, and a 10-year term license for all other patents.
Employees
As of September 2, 2010, we had approximately 25,900 employees, of which approximately 15,900 were outside the United States, including approximately 6,400 in Singapore, 3,400 in Italy, 1,500 in Japan, 1,300 in China and 1,200 in Israel. Our employees include approximately 2,300 in our IM Flash joint ventures, primarily located in the United States, and approximately 1,800 are employees of our TECH joint venture, located in Singapore. Our employment levels can vary depending on market conditions and the level of our production, research and product and process development. Many of our employees are highly skilled and our continued success depends in part upon our ability to attract and retain such employees. The loss of our key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Environmental Compliance
Government regulations impose various environmental controls on raw materials and discharges, emissions and solid wastes from our manufacturing processes. In 2010, our wholly-owned wafer fabrication facilities continued to conform to the requirements of ISO 14001certification. To continue certification, we met annual requirements in environmental policy, compliance, planning, management, structure and responsibility, training, communication, document control, operational control, emergency preparedness and response, record keeping and management review. While we have not experienced any materially adverse effects to our operations from environmental regulations, changes in the regulations could necessitate additional capital expenditures, modification of our operations or other compliance actions.
Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
Our officers are appointed annually by the Board of Directors and our directors are elected annually by our shareholders. Any directors appointed by the Board of Directors to fill vacancies on the Board serve until the next election by the shareholders. All officers and directors serve until their successors are duly chosen or elected and qualified, except in the case of earlier death, resignation or removal.
As of September 2, 2010, the following executive officers and directors were subject to the reporting requirements of Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Name
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Age
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Position
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Mark W. Adams
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46
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Vice President of Worldwide Sales
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Steven R. Appleton
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50
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Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
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D. Mark Durcan
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49
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President and Chief Operating Officer
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Ronald C. Foster
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59
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Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer
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Glen W. Hawk
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48
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Vice President of Embedded Solutions
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Roderic W. Lewis
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55
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Vice President of Legal Affairs, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary
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Mario Licciardello
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68
|
Vice President of Wireless Business Group
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Patrick T. Otte
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48
|
Vice President of Human Resources
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Brian J. Shields
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48
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Vice President of Worldwide Operations
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Brian M. Shirley
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41
|
Vice President of DRAM Solutions
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Teruaki Aoki
|
68
|
Director
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James W. Bagley
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71
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Director
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Robert L. Bailey
|
53
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Director
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Mercedes Johnson
|
56
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Director
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Lawrence N. Mondry
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50
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Director
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Robert E. Switz
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64
|
Director
|
Mark W. Adams joined us in June 2006. From January 2006, until he joined us, Mr. Adams was the Chief Operating Officer of Lexar Media, Inc. Mr. Adams served as the Vice President of Sales and Marketing for Creative Labs, Inc. from December 2002 to January 2006. From March 2000 to September 2002, Mr. Adams was the Chief Executive Officer of Coresma, Inc. Mr. Adams holds a BA in Economics from Boston College and an MBA from Harvard Business School.
Steven R. Appleton joined us in February 1983 and has served in various capacities since that time. Mr. Appleton first became an officer in August 1989 and has served in various officer positions since that time. From April 1991 until July 1992 and since May 1994, Mr. Appleton has served on our Board of Directors. From September 1994 to June 2007, Mr. Appleton served as our Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the Board of Directors. From June 2007, Mr. Appleton served as our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. Mr. Appleton is a member of the Board of Directors of National Semiconductor Corporation. Mr. Appleton holds a BA in Business Management from Boise State University.
D. Mark Durcan joined us in June 1984 and has served in various positions since that time. Mr. Durcan was appointed our Chief Operating Officer in February 2006 and President in June 2007. Mr. Durcan has been an officer since 1996. Mr. Durcan holds a BS and MChE in Chemical Engineering from Rice University.
Ronald C. Foster joined us in April 2008 and is the Chief Financial Officer and Vice President of Finance. In this position, Mr. Foster has oversight responsibilities of the financial aspects of Micron’s worldwide operations. He was appointed to his current position in 2008 after serving as a member of the Board of Directors from June 2004 to April 2005. Before joining Micron, Mr. Foster was the chief financial officer of FormFactor, Inc. He previously served as the Chief Financial Officer for JDS Uniphase, Inc., and Novell, Inc., and has held senior financial management positions at Hewlett-Packard and Applied Materials. He is currently a member of the Board of Directors of Luxim, Inc. Mr. Foster holds a master’s degree in business administration from the University of Chicago and a bachelor’s degree in economics from Whitman College.
Glen W. Hawk joined us in May 2010 and serves as our Vice President of Embedded Solutions. Mr. Hawk served as the Vice President and General Manger of the Embedded Business Group for Numonyx from 2008 to May 2010. Prior to Numonyx, Mr. Hawk served as General Manager of the Flash Product Group for Intel Corporation. Mr. Hawk holds a BS degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley.
Roderic W. Lewis joined us in August 1991 and has served in various capacities since that time. Mr. Lewis has served as our Vice President of Legal Affairs, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary since July 1996. Mr. Lewis holds a BA in Economics and Asian Studies from Brigham Young University and a JD from Columbia University School of Law.
Mario Licciardello joined us in May 2010 and serves as our Vice President of Wireless Business Group. Mr. Licciardello served as the Chief Operating Officer for Numonyx since its inception in 2008 through May 2010. Prior to Numonyx, Mr. Licciardello served as Corporate Vice President and General Manager of the Flash Memories Group at STMicroelectronics N.V. Mr. Licciardello holds a BS degree in Physics from the University of Catania, Italy.
Patrick T. Otte joined us in 1987 and has served in various positions of increasing responsibility, including production and operations manager in several of our fabrication facilities and site director for our facility in Manassas, Virginia. Mr. Otte has served as our Vice President of Human Resources since March 2007. Mr. Otte holds a Bachelor of Science degree from St. Paul Bible College in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Brian J. Shields joined us in November 1986 and has served in various operational positions with us. Mr. Shields first became an officer in March 2003 and was Vice President of Wafer Fabrication starting December 2005 and has served as Vice President of Worldwide Operations from June, 2010.
Brian M. Shirley joined us in August 1992 and has served in various positions since that time. Mr. Shirley became Vice President of Memory in February 2006 and has served as Vice President of DRAM Solutions from June, 2010. Mr. Shirley holds a BS in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University.
Teruaki Aoki has served as President of Sony University since April 2005. Dr. Aoki has been associated with Sony since 1970 and has held various executive positions, including Senior Executive Vice President and Executive Officer of Sony Corporation as well as President and Chief Operating Officer of Sony Electronics, a U.S. subsidiary. Dr. Aoki holds a Ph.D. in Material Sciences from Northwestern University as well as a BS in Applied Physics from the University of Tokyo. He was elected as an IEEE Fellow in 2003 and serves as Advisory Board Member of Kellogg School of Management of Northwestern University. Dr. Aoki also serves on the board of Citizen Holdings Co., Ltd. Dr. Aoki is the Chairman of the Board’s Compensation Committee. He has served on our Board of Directors since 2006.
James W. Bagley became the Executive Chairman of Lam Research Corporation (“Lam”), a supplier of semiconductor manufacturing equipment, in June 2005. From August 1997 through June 2005, Mr. Bagley served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Lam. Mr. Bagley is a member of the Board of Directors of Teradyne, Inc. He has served on our Board of Directors since June 1997. Mr. Bagley holds a MS and BS in Electrical Engineering from Mississippi State University.
Robert L. Bailey has been Chairman of the Board of Directors of PMC-Sierra (“PMC”) since 2005 and also served as PMC’s Chairman from February 2000 until February 2003. Mr. Bailey has been a director of PMC since October 1996. He also served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of PMC from July 1997 until May 2008. PMC is a leading provider of broadband communication and semiconductor storage solutions for the next-generation Internet. Mr. Bailey currently serves on the Board of Directors of Entropic Communications. Mr. Bailey holds a BS degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Bridgeport and an MBA from the University of Dallas. He has served on our Board of Directors since 2007.
Mercedes Johnson was the Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Avago Technologies Limited, a supplier of analog interface components for communications, industrial and consumer applications, from December 2005 to August 2008. She also served as the Senior Vice President, Finance, of Lam from June 2004 to January 2005 and as Lam’s Chief Financial Officer from May 1997 to May 2004. Ms. Johnson holds a degree in Accounting from the University of Buenos Aires and currently serves on the Board of Directors for Intersil Corporation. Ms. Johnson is the Chairman of the Board’s Audit Committee and has served on our Board of Directors since 2005.
Lawrence N. Mondry was the President and Chief Executive Officer of CSK Auto Corporation (“CSK”), a specialty retailer of automotive aftermarket parts, from August 2007 to July 2008. Prior to his appointment at CSK, Mr. Mondry served as the Chief Executive Officer of CompUSA Inc. from November 2003 to May 2006. Mr. Mondry joined CompUSA in 1990. Mr. Mondry is the Chairman of the Board’s Governance Committee and Presiding Director. He has served on our Board of Directors since 2005.
Robert E. Switz is currently Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of ADC Telecommunications, Inc., (“ADC”), a supplier of network infrastructure products and services. Mr. Switz has been President and Chief Executive officer of ADC since August 2003 and Chairman since August 2008. He has been with ADC since 1994 and prior to his current position, served ADC as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Switz holds an MBA from the University of Bridgeport as well as a degree in Marketing/Economics from Quinnipiac University. Mr. Switz also serves on the Board of Directors for ADC and Broadcom Corporation. He has served on our Board of Directors since 2006.
There are no family relationships between any of our directors or executive officers.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the factors discussed elsewhere in this Form 10-K, the following are important factors which could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of us.
We have experienced dramatic declines in average selling prices for our semiconductor memory products which have adversely affected our business.
For 2010 average selling prices of NAND products decreased 18% and average selling prices of DRAM products increased 28%. The increase in average selling prices for DRAM products is the first increase since 2004. For 2009, average selling prices of DRAM and NAND Flash products decreased 52% and 56%, respectively, as compared to 2008. For 2008, average selling prices of DRAM and NAND Flash products decreased 51% and 67%, respectively, as compared to 2007. For 2007, average selling prices of DRAM and NAND Flash products decreased 23% and 56%, respectively, as compared to 2006. In some prior periods, average selling prices for our memory products have been below our manufacturing costs. If average selling prices for our memory products decrease faster than we can decrease per gigabit costs, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
We may be unable to reduce our per gigabit manufacturing costs at the rate average selling prices decline.
Our gross margins are dependent upon continuing decreases in per gigabit manufacturing costs achieved through improvements in our manufacturing processes, including reducing the die size of our existing products. In future periods, we may be unable to reduce our per gigabit manufacturing costs at sufficient levels to improve or maintain gross margins. Factors that may limit our ability to reduce costs include, but are not limited to, strategic product diversification decisions affecting product mix, the increasing complexity of manufacturing processes, and changes in process technologies or products that inherently may require relatively larger die sizes. Per gigabit manufacturing costs may also be affected by the relatively smaller production quantities and shorter product lifecycles of certain specialty memory products.
The semiconductor memory industry is highly competitive.
We face intense competition in the semiconductor memory market from a number of companies, including Elpida Memory, Inc.; Hynix Semiconductor Inc.; Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.; SanDisk Corporation; Spansion Inc. and Toshiba Corporation. Some of our competitors are large corporations or conglomerates that may have greater resources to withstand downturns in the semiconductor markets in which we compete, invest in technology and capitalize on growth opportunities. Our competitors seek to increase silicon capacity, improve yields, reduce die size and minimize mask levels in their product designs. The transitions to smaller line-width process technologies and 300mm wafers in the industry have resulted in significant increases in the worldwide supply of semiconductor memory. Increases in worldwide supply of semiconductor memory also result from semiconductor memory fab capacity expansions, either by way of new facilities, increased capacity utilization or reallocation of other semiconductor production to semiconductor memory production. As a result of improving conditions in the semiconductor memory market in recent periods, our competitors may increase capital expenditures resulting in future increases in worldwide supply. Increases in worldwide supply of semiconductor memory, if not accompanied with commensurate increases in demand, would lead to further declines in average selling prices for our products and would materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
The inability to reach an acceptable agreement with our TECH joint venture partners regarding the future of TECH after its shareholders’ agreement expires in April 2011 could have a significant adverse effect on our DRAM production and results of operation.
Since 1998, we have participated in TECH, a semiconductor memory manufacturing joint venture in Singapore among us, Canon Inc. (“Canon”) and Hewlett-Packard Company (“HP”). As of September 2, 2010, the ownership of TECH was held approximately 87% by us, approximately 10% by Canon and approximately 3% by HP. The financial results of TECH are included in our consolidated financial statements. In the fourth quarter of 2010, TECH accounted for 48% of our total DRAM wafer production. The shareholders’ agreement for TECH expires in April 2011. In the first quarter of 2010, TECH received a notice from HP that it does not intend to extend the TECH joint venture beyond April 2011. We have been in discussions with HP and Canon to reach a resolution of the matter. However, there remain wide gaps between our position and those of HP and Canon. The parties’ inability to reach a resolution of this matter prior to April 2011 would, per the terms of the shareholders’ agreement, result in the sale of TECH’s assets. As of September 2, 2010, the carrying value of TECH’s net assets was $1.1 billion and in the event of dissolution our loss could be a significant portion of this amount. In addition, the parties’ inability to reach a resolution prior to April 2011 could result in the sale of TECH’s assets and could require repayment of TECH’s credit facility ($348 million outstanding as of September 2, 2010). The sale of TECH’s assets per the terms of the shareholders’ agreement may have a significant adverse impact on our DRAM production and results of operation.
Integration of our acquired Numonyx business may disrupt operations and result in significant costs.
The integration of our acquired Numonyx business is a complex, time-consuming and expensive process that, even with proper planning and implementation, could significantly disrupt the business of Numonyx and our other operations. Realizing the anticipated benefits of the acquisition will depend in part on the timely integration of technology, operations, and personnel. If we are unable to successfully integrate Numonyx with our operations in a timely manner our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. The challenges involved in this integration include the following:
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combining product and service offerings;
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coordinating research and development activities to enhance the development and introduction of new products and services;
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preserving customer, supplier and other important relationships of both Micron and Numonyx and resolving potential conflicts that may arise;
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·
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managing supply chains and product channels effectively during the period of combining operations;
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minimizing the diversion of management attention from ongoing business concerns;
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additional expenses associated with the acquisition and integration of Numonyx;
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·
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retaining key employees;
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·
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managing new business structures; and
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coordinating and combining overseas operations, relationships and facilities, which may be subject to additional constraints imposed by geographic distance and local laws and regulations.
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The downturn in the worldwide economy may harm our business.
The downturn in the worldwide economy had an adverse effect on our business. A continuation or deterioration of depressed economic conditions could have an even greater adverse effect on our business. Adverse economic conditions affect demand for devices that incorporate our products, such as personal computers and other computing and networking products, mobile devices, Flash memory cards and USB devices. Reduced demand for our products could result in continued market oversupply and significant decreases in our average selling prices. A continuation of current negative conditions in worldwide credit markets would limit our ability to obtain external financing to fund our operations and capital expenditures. In addition, we may experience losses on our holdings of cash and investments due to failures of financial institutions and other parties. Difficult economic conditions may also result in a higher rate of losses on our accounts receivables due to credit defaults. As a result, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
We may be unable to generate sufficient cash flows or obtain access to external financing necessary to fund our operations and make adequate capital investments.
Our cash flows from operations depend primarily on the volume of semiconductor memory sold, average selling prices and per unit manufacturing costs. To develop new product and process technologies, support future growth, achieve operating efficiencies and maintain product quality, we must make significant capital investments in manufacturing technology, facilities and capital equipment, research and development, and product and process technology. We expect that capital spending will be approximately $2.4 billion to $2.9 billion for 2011. The actual amount in 2011 will vary depending on funding participation by joint venture partners and market conditions. As of September 2, 2010, we had cash and equivalents of $2,913 million, of which $601 million consisted of cash and investments of IM Flash and TECH that would generally not be available to finance our other operations. In the past we have utilized external sources of financing when needed. As a result of the downturn in general economic conditions, and the adverse conditions in the credit markets, it may be difficult to obtain financing on terms acceptable to us. There can be no assurance that we will be able to generate sufficient cash flows or find other sources of financing to fund our operations; make adequate capital investments to remain competitive in terms of technology development and cost efficiency; or access capital markets. Our inability to do the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Our joint ventures and strategic partnerships involve numerous risks.
We have entered into partnering arrangements to manufacture products and develop new manufacturing process technologies and products. These arrangements include our IM Flash NAND Flash joint ventures with Intel, our Inotera DRAM joint venture with Nanya, our TECH DRAM joint venture, our MP Mask joint venture with Photronics, our Transform joint venture with Origin Energy and our CMOS image sensor wafer supply agreement with Aptina. These joint ventures and strategic partnerships are subject to various risks that could adversely affect the value of our investments and our results of operations. These risks include the following:
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our interests could diverge from our partners in the future or we may not be able to agree with partners on ongoing manufacturing and operational activities, or on the amount, timing or nature of further investments in our joint venture;
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we may experience difficulties in transferring technology to joint ventures;
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we may experience difficulties and delays in ramping production at joint ventures;
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our control over the operations of our joint ventures is limited;
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recognition of our share of potential Inotera, Aptina and Transform losses in our results of operation;
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due to financial constraints, our partners may be unable to meet their commitments to us or our joint ventures and may pose credit risks for our transactions with them;
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due to differing business models or long-term business goals, our partners may decide not to join us in capital contributions to our joint ventures which may result in us increasing our capital contributions to such ventures resulting in additional cash expenditures by us; for example, our contributions to IM Flash Singapore in 2010 and the first two months of 2011 totaled $128 million and $392 million, respectively, while Intel’s contributions totaled $38 million and $0, respectively;
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the terms of our arrangements may turn out to be unfavorable;
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cash flows may be inadequate to fund increased capital requirements;
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these operations may be less cost-efficient as a result of underutilized capacity;
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changes in tax, legal or regulatory requirements may necessitate changes in the agreements with our partners; and
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political or economic instability may occur in the countries where our joint ventures and/or partners are located.
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If our joint ventures and strategic partnerships are unsuccessful, our business, results of operations or financial condition may be adversely affected.
Our ownership interest in Inotera involves numerous risks.
Our 29.9% ownership interest in Inotera involves numerous risks including the following:
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risks relating to actions that may be taken or initiated by Qimonda AG’s (“Qimonda”) bankruptcy administrator relating to Qimonda’s transfer to us of its Inotera shares;
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we may experience continued difficulties in transferring technology to Inotera;
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we may experience continued difficulties and delays in ramping production at Inotera;
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Inotera’s ability to meet its ongoing obligations;
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costs associated with manufacturing inefficiencies resulting from underutilized capacity;
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difficulties in converting Inotera production from Qimonda’s trench technology to our stack technology;
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uncertainties around the timing and amount of wafer supply we will receive under the supply agreement; and
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obligations during the technology transition period to procure product based on a competitor’s technology which may be difficult to sell and to provide support for such product, with respect to which we have limited technological understanding.
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In connection with our ownership equity interest in Inotera, we have rights and obligations to purchase 50% of the wafer production of Inotera. In 2010, we purchased $693 million of DRAM products from Inotera.
An adverse outcome relating to allegations of anticompetitive conduct could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
On May 5, 2004, Rambus, Inc. (“Rambus”) filed a complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California (San Francisco County) against us and other DRAM suppliers alleging that the defendants harmed Rambus by engaging in concerted and unlawful efforts affecting Rambus DRAM (“RDRAM”) by eliminating competition and stifling innovation in the market for computer memory technology and computer memory chips. Rambus’ complaint alleges various causes of action under California state law including, among other things, a conspiracy to restrict output and fix prices, a conspiracy to monopolize, intentional interference with prospective economic advantage, and unfair competition. Rambus alleges that it is entitled to actual damages of more than a billion dollars and seeks joint and several liability, treble damages, punitive damages, a permanent injunction enjoining the defendants from the conduct alleged in the complaint, interest, and attorneys’ fees and costs. A trial date has not been scheduled. (See “Item 1. Legal Proceedings” for additional details on this case and other Rambus matters pending in the U.S. and Europe.)
On September 24, 2010, Oracle America Inc. (“Oracle”), successor to Sun Microsystems, a DRAM purchaser that opted-out of a direct purchaser class action suit that was settled, filed suit against us in U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. The complaint alleges DRAM price-fixing and other violations of federal and state antitrust and unfair competition laws based on purported conduct for the period from August 1, 1998 through at least June 15, 2002. Oracle is seeking joint and several damages, trebled, as well as restitution, disgorgement, attorneys’ fees, costs and injunctive relief.
We are unable to predict the outcome of these lawsuits. An adverse court determination in any of these lawsuits alleging violations of antitrust laws could result in significant liability and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
An adverse determination that our products or manufacturing processes infringe the intellectual property rights of others could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
On January 13, 2006, Rambus filed a lawsuit against us in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. Rambus alleges that certain of our DDR2, DDR3, RLDRAM, and RLDRAM II products infringe as many as fourteen Rambus patents and seeks monetary damages, treble damages, and injunctive relief. The accused products account for a significant portion of our net sales. On June 2, 2006, we filed an answer and counterclaim against Rambus alleging, among other things, antitrust and fraud claims. On January 9, 2009, in another lawsuit involving us and Rambus and involving allegations by Rambus of patent infringement against us in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, Judge Robinson entered an opinion in favor of us holding that Rambus had engaged in spoliation and that the twelve Rambus patents in the suit were unenforceable against us. Rambus subsequently appealed the Delaware Court’s decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. That appeal is pending. Subsequently, the Northern District of California Court stayed a trial of the patent phase of the Northern District of California case pending the outcome of the appeal of the Delaware Court’s spoliation decision or further order of the California Court. (See “Item 1. Legal Proceedings” for additional details on this lawsuit and other Rambus matters pending in the U.S. and Europe.)
On March 6, 2009, Panavision Imaging LLC filed suit against us and Aptina Imaging Corporation, then a wholly-owned subsidiary of ours, in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California. The complaint alleges that certain of our and Aptina’s image sensor products infringe four Panavision Imaging U.S. patents and seeks injunctive relief, damages, attorneys’ fees, and costs.
We are unable to predict the outcome of assertions of infringement made against us. A court determination that our products or manufacturing processes infringe the intellectual property rights of others could result in significant liability and/or require us to make material changes to our products and/or manufacturing processes. Any of the foregoing results could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
We have a number of patent and intellectual property license agreements. Some of these license agreements require us to make one time or periodic payments. We may need to obtain additional patent licenses or renew existing license agreements in the future. We are unable to predict whether these license agreements can be obtained or renewed on acceptable terms.
Products that fail to meet specifications, are defective or that are otherwise incompatible with end uses could impose significant costs on us.
Products that do not meet specifications or that contain, or are perceived by our customers to contain, defects or that are otherwise incompatible with end uses could impose significant costs on us or otherwise materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Because the design and production process for semiconductor memory is highly complex, it is possible that we may produce products that do not comply with customer specifications, contain defects or are otherwise incompatible with end uses. If, despite design review, quality control and product qualification procedures, problems with nonconforming, defective or incompatible products occur after we have shipped such products, we could be adversely affected in several ways, including the following:
·
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we may be required to replace product or otherwise compensate customers for costs incurred or damages caused by defective or incompatible product, and
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·
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we may encounter adverse publicity, which could cause a decrease in sales of our products.
|
There are a number of risks and uncertainties related to Numonyx’s former joint venture with Hynix.
In connection with our purchase of Numonyx on May 7, 2010, we acquired a 20.7% noncontrolling equity interest in Hynix-Numonyx Semiconductor Ltd. (the “Hynix JV”), a joint venture with Hynix Semiconductor, Inc. (“Hynix”) and Hynix Semiconductor (WUXI) Limited. The change in control of Numonyx gave Hynix the right to purchase all of our equity interests in the Hynix JV. Hynix exercised its right to purchase our interest in the Hynix JV and consummated the equity transfer on August 31, 2010 for $423 million.
A significant portion of Numonyx's sales are dependent upon sales of products supplied to us by the Hynix JV pursuant to a supply agreement. On July 29, 2010, we entered into a new supply agreement with Hynix, which provides for the continued supply of products through September 30, 2011 at market rates. Pricing under the new agreement is not anticipated to be as favorable as pricing under the JV supply agreement that existed prior to the sale of our ownership interest in the Hynix JV.
Concurrent with the Numonyx acquisition, we entered into agreements with STMicroelectronics N.V. and DBS Bank Ltd. (“DBS”) that require us to guarantee an outstanding $250 million loan, due in periodic installments from 2014 through 2016, made by DBS to the Hynix JV. Under the agreements, on August 31, 2010, we deposited $250 million of proceeds from the sale of our interest in the Hynix JV into a pledged account at DBS to collateralize our obligations under the guarantee of the loan. The amount on deposit in the DBS account is accounted for as restricted cash on our balance sheet. The amount on deposit and our guarantee decrease as payments are made by the Hynix JV against the loan. There can be no assurance that the Hynix JV will not default under such loan.
We may make future acquisitions and alliances, which involve numerous risks.
Acquisitions and the formation of alliances, such as joint ventures and other partnering arrangements, involve numerous risks including the following:
·
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difficulties in integrating the operations, technologies and products of acquired or newly formed entities;
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·
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increasing capital expenditures to upgrade and maintain facilities;
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·
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increasing debt to finance an acquisition or formation of a new business;
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·
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diverting management’s attention from normal daily operations;
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·
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managing larger or more complex operations and facilities and employees in separate and diverse geographic areas; and
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·
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hiring and retaining key employees.
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Acquisitions of, or alliances with, high-technology companies are inherently risky, and future transactions may not be successful and may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
New product development may be unsuccessful.
We are developing new products that complement our traditional memory products or leverage their underlying design or process technology. We have made significant investments in product and process technologies and anticipate expending significant resources for new semiconductor product development over the next several years. The process to develop DRAM, NAND Flash, NOR Flash and certain specialty memory products requires us to demonstrate advanced functionality and performance, many times well in advance of a planned ramp of production, in order to secure design wins with our customers. There can be no assurance that our product development efforts will be successful, that we will be able to cost-effectively manufacture new products, that we will be able to successfully market these products or that margins generated from sales of these products will allow us to recover costs of development efforts.
Our debt level is higher than compared to historical periods.
We currently have a higher level of debt compared to historical periods. As of September 2, 2010 we had $2.4 billion of debt, net of discounts of $247 million. We may need to incur additional debt in the future. Our debt level could adversely impact us. For example it could:
·
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make it more difficult for us to make payments on our debt;
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·
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require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations and other capital resources to debt service;
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·
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limit our future ability to raise funds for capital expenditures, acquisitions, research and development and other general corporate requirements;
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·
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increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and semiconductor memory industry conditions;
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·
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expose us to fluctuations in interest rates with respect to that portion of our debt which is at a variable rate of interest; and
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·
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require us to make additional investments in joint ventures to maintain compliance with financial covenants.
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Several of our credit facilities, one of which was modified during 2009 and another of which was modified in 2010, have covenants that require us to maintain minimum levels of tangible net worth and cash and investments. As of September 2, 2010, we were in compliance with our debt covenants. If we are unable to continue to be in compliance with our debt covenants, or obtain waivers, an event of default could be triggered, which, if not cured, could cause the maturity of other borrowings to be accelerated and become due and currently payable.
Covenants in our debt instruments may obligate us to repay debt, increase contributions to our TECH joint venture and limit our ability to obtain financing.
Our ability to comply with the financial and other covenants contained in our debt may be affected by economic or business conditions or other events. As of September 2, 2010, our 87% owned TECH Semiconductor Singapore Pte. Ltd., (“TECH”) subsidiary, had $348 million outstanding under a credit facility with covenants that, among other requirements, establish certain liquidity, debt service coverage and leverage ratios for TECH and restrict TECH’s ability to incur indebtedness, create liens and acquire or dispose of assets. If TECH does not comply with these debt covenants and restrictions, this debt may be deemed to be in default and the debt declared payable. There can be no assurance that TECH will be able to comply with its covenants. Additionally, if TECH is unable to repay its borrowings when due, the lenders under TECH’s credit facility could proceed against substantially all of TECH’s assets. In the first quarter of 2010, TECH amended certain of its debt covenants under the credit facility. We have guaranteed 100% of the outstanding amount borrowed under TECH’s credit facility. If TECH’s debt is accelerated, we may not have sufficient assets to repay amounts due. Existing covenant restrictions may limit our ability to obtain additional debt financing. To avoid covenant defaults we may be required to repay debt obligations or make additional contributions to TECH, all of which could adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition.
Changes in foreign currency exchange rates could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and are reported in U.S. dollars. Across our multi-national operations, there are transactions and balances denominated in other currencies, primarily the Singapore dollar, euro and yen. We recorded net losses from changes in currency exchange rates of $23 million for 2010, $30 million for 2009 and of $25 million for 2008. We estimate that, based on our assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar as of September 2, 2010, a 1% change in the exchange rate versus the U.S. dollar would expose us to foreign currency gains or losses of approximately U.S. $2 million for the Singapore dollar and U.S. $1 million for the euro and the yen. In the event that the U.S. dollar weakens significantly compared to the Singapore dollar, euro and yen, our results of operations or financial condition may be adversely affected.
The limited availability certain raw materials or capital equipment could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Our operations require raw materials that meet exacting standards. We generally have multiple sources of supply for our raw materials. However, only a limited number of suppliers are capable of delivering certain raw materials that meet our standards. In some cases, materials are provided by a single supplier. Various factors could reduce the availability of raw materials such as silicon wafers, photomasks, chemicals, gases, lead frames and molding compound. Shortages may occur from time to time in the future. In addition, disruptions in transportation lines could delay our receipt of raw materials. Lead times for the supply of raw materials have been extended in the past. If our supply of raw materials is disrupted or our lead times extended, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
Our operations are dependent on our ability to procure advanced semiconductor equipment that enables the transition to lower cost manufacturing processes. For certain key types of equipment, including equipment scanners, we are dependent on a single supplier. In recent periods we have experienced difficulties in obtaining some equipment on a timely basis due to the supplier’s limited capacity. Our inability to obtain this equipment timely could adversely affect our ability to transition to next generation manufacturing processes and reduce costs. Delays in obtaining equipment could also impede our ability to ramp production at new facilities and increase our overall costs of the ramp. If we are unable to obtain advanced semiconductor equipment timely, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
We may incur additional material restructure charges in future periods.
In response to a severe downturn in the semiconductor memory industry and global economic conditions, we implemented restructure initiatives that resulted in net charges of $70 million in 2009 and $33 million in 2008. The restructure initiatives included shutting down our 200mm wafer fabrication facility in Boise, suspending the production ramp of a new fabrication facility in Singapore and other personnel cost reductions. We may need to implement further restructure initiatives in future periods. As a result of these initiatives, we could incur restructure charges, lose production output, lose key personnel and experience disruptions in our operations and difficulties in delivering products timely.
We face risks associated with our international sales and operations that could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Sales to customers outside the United States approximated 83% of our consolidated net sales for 2010. In addition, a substantial portion of our manufacturing operations are located outside the United States. In particular, a significant portion of our manufacturing operations are concentrated in Singapore. Our international sales and operations are subject to a variety of risks, including:
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currency exchange rate fluctuations;
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·
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export and import duties, changes to import and export regulations, and restrictions on the transfer of funds;
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·
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political and economic instability;
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·
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problems with the transportation or delivery of our products;
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·
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issues arising from cultural or language differences and labor unrest;
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·
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longer payment cycles and greater difficulty in collecting accounts receivable;
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·
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compliance with trade, technical standards and other laws in a variety of jurisdictions;
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·
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changes in economic policies of foreign governments; and
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·
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difficulties in staffing and managing international operations.
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These factors may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Our net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards may be limited.
We have a valuation allowance against substantially all U.S. net deferred tax assets. As of September 2, 2010, our federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards were $2.4 billion, $2.0 billion and $290 million, respectively. If not utilized, substantially all of our federal and state net operating loss carryforwards will expire in 2022 to 2029 and the foreign net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2015. As of September 2, 2010, our federal and state tax credit carryforwards were $188 million and $204 million respectively. If not utilized, substantially all of our federal and state tax credit carryforwards will expire in 2013 to 2030. As a consequence of prior business acquisitions, utilization of the tax benefits for some of the tax carryforwards is subject to limitations imposed by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and some portion or all of these carryforwards may not be available to offset any future taxable income. The determination of the limitations is complex and requires significant judgment and analysis of past transactions.
If our manufacturing process is disrupted, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
We manufacture products using highly complex processes that require technologically advanced equipment and continuous modification to improve yields and performance. Difficulties in the manufacturing process or the effects from a shift in product mix can reduce yields or disrupt production and may increase our per gigabit manufacturing costs. Additionally, our control over operations at our IM Flash, TECH, Inotera, MP Mask and Transform joint ventures is limited by our agreements with our partners. From time to time, we have experienced minor disruptions in our manufacturing process as a result of power outages, improperly functioning equipment and equipment failures. If production at a fabrication facility is disrupted for any reason, manufacturing yields may be adversely affected or we may be unable to meet our customers’ requirements and they may purchase products from other suppliers. This could result in a significant increase in manufacturing costs or loss of revenues or damage to customer relationships, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Consolidation of industry participants and governmental assistance to some of our competitors may contribute to uncertainty in the semiconductor memory industry and negatively impact our ability to compete.
In recent years, manufacturing supply has significantly exceeded customer demand resulting in significant declines in average selling prices of DRAM, NAND Flash and NOR Flash products and substantial operating losses by us and our competitors. The operating losses as well as limited access to sources of financing have led to the deterioration in the financial condition of a number of industry participants. Some of our competitors may try to enhance their capacity and lower their cost structure through consolidation. Consolidation of industry competitors could put us at a competitive disadvantage. In addition, some governments have provided, or are considering, significant financial assistance for some of our competitors.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2. Properties
Our corporate headquarters are located in Boise, Idaho. The following is a summary of the principal facilities we own as of September 2, 2010:
Location
|
Principal Operations
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|
|
Boise, Idaho
|
R&D including wafer fabrication and reticle manufacturing
|
Lehi, Utah
|
Wafer fabrication
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Manassas, Virginia
|
Wafer fabrication
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Singapore
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Three wafer fabrication facilities and a test, assembly and module assembly facility
|
Nishiwaki City, Japan
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Wafer fabrication
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Avezzano, Italy
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Wafer fabrication
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Nampa, Idaho
|
Test
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Aguadilla, Puerto Rico
|
Module assembly and test
|
Xi’an, China
|
Test
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Qiryat Gat, Israel
|
Wafer fabrication
|
Muar, Malaysia
|
Module assembly and test
|
Cavite, Philippines
|
Module assembly and test
|
Agrate, Italy
|
R&D including wafer fabrication
|
We also own and lease a number of other facilities in locations throughout the world that are used for design, research and development, and sales and marketing activities.
Our facility in Lehi and one of our facilities in Singapore is owned and operated by our IM Flash joint venture with Intel. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Consolidated Variable Interest Entities – NAND Flash Joint Ventures with Intel” note.)
One of our wafer fabrication facilities in Singapore is owned by our TECH joint venture and collateralizes, in part, a credit facility with $348 million outstanding as of September 2, 2010. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – TECH Semiconductor Singapore Pte. Ltd” note.)
In connection with our noncontrolling interest in Inotera, we have rights and obligations to purchase 50% of Inotera’s wafer production. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Supplemental Balance Sheet Information – Equity Method Investments – Inotera and MeiYa DRAM joint ventures with Nanya ” note.)
We believe that our existing facilities are suitable and adequate for our present purposes. We do not identify or allocate assets by operating segment. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Geographic Information” note.)
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
Antitrust Matters
On May 5, 2004, Rambus, Inc. (“Rambus”) filed a complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California (San Francisco County) against us and other DRAM suppliers alleging that the defendants harmed Rambus by engaging in concerted and unlawful efforts affecting Rambus DRAM (“RDRAM”) by eliminating competition and stifling innovation in the market for computer memory technology and computer memory chips. Rambus’ complaint alleges various causes of action under California state law including, among other things, a conspiracy to restrict output and fix prices, a conspiracy to monopolize, intentional interference with prospective economic advantage, and unfair competition. Rambus alleges that it is entitled to actual damages of more than a billion dollars and seeks joint and several liability, treble damages, punitive damages, a permanent injunction enjoining the defendants from the conduct alleged in the complaint, interest, and attorneys’ fees and costs. A trial date has not been scheduled.
A number of purported class action price-fixing lawsuits have been filed against us and other DRAM suppliers. Four cases have been filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California asserting claims on behalf of a purported class of individuals and entities that indirectly purchased DRAM and/or products containing DRAM from various DRAM suppliers during the time period from April 1, 1999 through at least June 30, 2002. The complaints allege price fixing in violation of federal antitrust laws and various state antitrust and unfair competition laws and seek treble monetary damages, restitution, costs, interest and attorneys’ fees. In addition, at least sixty-four cases have been filed in various state courts asserting claims on behalf of a purported class of indirect purchasers of DRAM. In July 2006, the Attorneys General for approximately forty U.S. states and territories filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. The complaints allege, among other things, violations of the Sherman Act, Cartwright Act, and certain other states’ consumer protection and antitrust laws and seek joint and several damages, trebled, as well as injunctive and other relief. On October 3, 2008, the California Attorney General filed a similar lawsuit in California Superior Court, purportedly on behalf of local California government entities, alleging, among other things, violations of the Cartwright Act and state unfair competition law. On June 23, 2010, we executed a settlement agreement resolving these purported class-action indirect purchaser cases and the pending cases of the Attorneys General relating to alleged DRAM price-fixing in the United States. Subject to certain conditions, including final court approval of the class settlements, we agreed to pay a total of approximately $67 million in three equal installments over a two-year period.
Additionally, three purported class action cases have been filed against us in the following Canadian courts: Superior Court, District of Montreal, Province of Quebec; Ontario Superior Court of Justice, Ontario; and Supreme Court of British Columbia, Vancouver Registry, British Columbia. The substantive allegations in these cases are similar to those asserted in the DRAM antitrust cases filed in the United States. Plaintiffs’ motion for class certification was denied in the British Columbia and Quebec cases in May and June 2008, respectively. Plaintiffs have filed an appeal of each of those decisions. On November 12, 2009, the British Columbia Court of Appeal reversed the denial of class certification and remanded the case for further proceedings. The appeal of the Quebec case is still pending.
On February 28, 2007, February 28, 2007 and March 8, 2007, cases were filed against us and other manufacturers of DRAM in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California by All American Semiconductor, Inc., Jaco Electronics, Inc. and DRAM Claims Liquidation Trust, respectively, that opted-out of a direct purchaser class action suit that was settled. The complaints allege, among other things, violations of federal and state antitrust and competition laws in the DRAM industry, and seek joint and several damages, trebled, as well as restitution, attorneys’ fees, costs, and injunctive relief.
On June 21, 2010, the Brazil Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice (“SDE”) announced that it had initiated an investigation relating to alleged anticompetitive activities within the DRAM industry. The SDE’s Notice of Investigation names various DRAM manufacturers and certain executives, including ours, and focuses on the period from July 1998 to June 2002.
On September 24, 2010, Oracle America Inc. (“Oracle”), successor to Sun Microsystems, a DRAM purchaser that opted-out of a direct purchaser class action suit that was settled, filed suit against us in U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. The complaint alleges DRAM price-fixing and other violations of federal and state antitrust and unfair competition laws based on purported conduct for the period from August 1, 1998 through at least June 15, 2002. Oracle is seeking joint and several damages, trebled, as well as restitution, disgorgement, attorneys’ fees, costs and injunctive relief.
Three purported class action lawsuits alleging price-fixing of “Static Random Access Memory” or “SRAM” products have been filed in Canada, asserting violations of the Canadian Competition Act. These cases assert claims on behalf of a purported class of individuals and entities that purchased SRAM products directly or indirectly from various SRAM suppliers.
In addition, three purported class action lawsuits alleging price-fixing of Flash products have been filed in Canada, asserting violations of the Canadian Competition Act. These cases assert claims on behalf of a purported class of individuals and entities that purchased Flash memory directly and indirectly from various Flash memory suppliers.
We are unable to predict the outcome of these lawsuits. The final resolution of these alleged violations of antitrust laws could result in significant liability and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Patent Matters
On August 28, 2000, we filed a complaint against Rambus in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware seeking monetary damages and declaratory and injunctive relief. Among other things, our complaint (as amended) alleges violation of federal antitrust laws, breach of contract, fraud, deceptive trade practices, and negligent misrepresentation. The complaint also seeks a declaratory judgment (a) that we did not infringe on certain of Rambus’ patents, are invalid, and/or are unenforceable, (b) that we have an implied license to those patents, and (c) that Rambus is estopped from enforcing those patents against us. On February 15, 2001, Rambus filed an answer and counterclaim in Delaware denying that we are entitled to relief, alleging infringement of the eight Rambus patents (later amended to add four additional patents) named in our declaratory judgment claim, and seeking monetary damages and injunctive relief. In the Delaware action, we subsequently added claims and defenses based on Rambus’ alleged spoliation of evidence and litigation misconduct. The spoliation and litigation misconduct claims and defenses were heard in a bench trial before Judge Robinson in October 2007. On January 9, 2009, Judge Robinson entered an opinion in favor of us holding that Rambus had engaged in spoliation and that the twelve Rambus patents in the suit were unenforceable against us. Rambus subsequently appealed the decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. That appeal is pending.
A number of other suits involving Rambus are currently pending in Europe alleging that certain of our SDRAM and DDR SDRAM products infringe various of Rambus’ country counterparts to its European patent 525 068, including: on September 1, 2000, Rambus filed suit against Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH in the District Court of Mannheim, Germany; on September 22, 2000, Rambus filed a complaint against us and Reptronic (a distributor of our products) in the Court of First Instance of Paris, France; on September 29, 2000, we filed suit against Rambus in the Civil Court of Milan, Italy, alleging invalidity and non-infringement. In addition, on December 29, 2000, we filed suit against Rambus in the Civil Court of Avezzano, Italy, alleging invalidity and non-infringement of the Italian counterpart to European patent 1 004 956. Additionally, on August 14, 2001, Rambus filed suit against Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH in the District Court of Mannheim, Germany alleging that certain of our DDR SDRAM products infringe Rambus’ country counterparts to its European patent 1 022 642. In the European suits against us, Rambus is seeking monetary damages and injunctive relief. Subsequent to the filing of the various European suits, the European Patent Office (the “EPO”) declared Rambus’ 525 068 and 1 004 956 European patents invalid and revoked the patents. The declaration of invalidity with respect to the ‘068 patent was upheld on appeal. The original claims of the '956 patent also were declared invalid on appeal, but the EPO ultimately granted a Rambus request to amend the claims by adding a number of limitations.
On January 13, 2006, Rambus filed a lawsuit against us in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. Rambus alleges that certain of our DDR2, DDR3, RLDRAM, and RLDRAM II products infringe as many as fourteen Rambus patents and seeks monetary damages, treble damages, and injunctive relief. The accused products account for a significant portion of our net sales. On June 2, 2006, we filed an answer and counterclaim against Rambus alleging, among other things, antitrust and fraud claims. On January 9, 2009, in another lawsuit involving us and Rambus and involving allegations by Rambus of patent infringement against us in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, Judge Robinson entered an opinion in favor of us holding that Rambus had engaged in spoliation and that the twelve Rambus patents in the suit were unenforceable against us. Rambus subsequently appealed the Delaware Court’s decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Subsequently, the Northern District of California Court stayed a trial of the patent phase of the Northern District of California case pending the outcome of the appeal of the Delaware Court’s spoliation decision or further order of the California Court.
On March 6, 2009, Panavision Imaging, LLC filed suit against us and Aptina Imaging Corporation, then our wholly-owned subsidiary (“Aptina”), in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California. The complaint alleges that certain of ours and Aptina’s image sensor products infringe four Panavision Imaging U.S. patents and seeks injunctive relief, damages, attorneys’ fees, and costs.
On December 11, 2009, Ring Technology Enterprises of Texas LLC (“Ring”) filed suit against us in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas alleging that certain of our memory products infringe one Ring Technology U.S. patent. On June 26, 2010, we executed a settlement agreement with Ring resolving the dispute for an immaterial amount.
We are unable to predict the outcome of these suits. A court determination that our products or manufacturing processes infringe the product or process intellectual property rights of others could result in significant liability and/or require us to make material changes to our products and/or manufacturing processes. Any of the foregoing results could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Securities Matters
On February 24, 2006, a putative class action complaint was filed against us and certain of our officers in the U.S. District Court for the District of Idaho alleging claims under Section 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. Four substantially similar complaints subsequently were filed in the same Court. The cases purport to be brought on behalf of a class of purchasers of our stock during the period February 24, 2001 to February 13, 2003. The five lawsuits have been consolidated and a consolidated amended class action complaint was filed on July 24, 2006. The complaint generally alleges violations of federal securities laws based on, among other things, claimed misstatements or omissions regarding alleged illegal price-fixing conduct or our operations and financial results. The complaint seeks unspecified damages, interest, attorneys’ fees, costs, and expenses. On December 19, 2007, the Court issued an order certifying the class but reducing the class period to purchasers of our stock during the period from February 24, 2001 to September 18, 2002. On August 24, 2010, we executed a settlement agreement resolving these purported class-action cases. Subject to certain conditions, including final court approval of the class settlement, we and our insurers agreed to pay $42 million with our contribution to the settlement comprising approximately $6 million.
(See “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”)
Item 4. [Removed and Reserved]
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market for Common Stock: Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market and trades under the symbol “MU” and traded under the same symbol on the New York Stock Exchange through December 29, 2009. The following table represents the high and low closing sales prices for our common stock for each quarter of 2010 and 2009, as reported by Bloomberg L.P.:
|
|
Fourth Quarter
|
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
Second Quarter
|
|
|
First Quarter
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
High
|
|
$ |
10.02 |
|
|
$ |
11.30 |
|
|
$ |
11.22 |
|
|
$ |
8.91 |
|
Low
|
|
|
6.46 |
|
|
|
8.57 |
|
|
|
8.44 |
|
|
|
6.58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
High
|
|
$ |
7.56 |
|
|
$ |
5.50 |
|
|
$ |
4.32 |
|
|
$ |
5.13 |
|
Low
|
|
|
4.70 |
|
|
|
2.58 |
|
|
|
1.85 |
|
|
|
1.69 |
|
Holders of Record: As of October 18, 2010, there were 2,998 shareholders of record of our common stock.
Dividends: We have not declared or paid cash dividends since 1996 and do not intend to pay cash dividends for the foreseeable future.
Equity Compensation Plan Information: The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the information set forth in Item 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Issuer Sales of Unregistered Securities: On May 7, 2010, we issued an aggregate of 137.7 million unregistered shares of common stock (with a fair value of $1,091 million on the issuance date) to Intel Corporation, Intel Technology Asia Pte Ltd, STMicroelectronics N.V., Redwood Blocker S.a.r.l. and PK Flash, LLC as consideration for all the outstanding shares of Numonyx Holdings, B.V. The shares we issued were exempt from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933.
On August 11, 2009, we issued 1.8 million unregistered shares of common stock (with a fair value of $12 million on the issuance date) to DT FLCO, Inc. as partial consideration paid for a business acquired for cash and stock. These shares were exempt from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities: During the fourth quarter of 2010, we acquired, as payment of withholding taxes in connection with the vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards, 1,821,149 shares of our common stock at an average price of $8.59 per share. We retired these shares in the fourth quarter of 2010.
Period
|
|
(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased
|
|
|
(b) Average Price Paid Per Share
|
|
|
(c) Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased As Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
|
|
|
(d) Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 4, 2010 – July 8, 2010
|
|
|
1,633,206 |
|
|
$ |
8.74 |
|
|
|
N/A |
|
|
|
N/A |
|
July 9, 2010 – August 5, 2010
|
|
|
166,174 |
|
|
|
7.34 |
|
|
|
N/A |
|
|
|
N/A |
|
August 6, 2010 – September 2, 2010
|
|
|
21,769 |
|
|
|
7.04 |
|
|
|
N/A |
|
|
|
N/A |
|
|
|
|
1,821,149 |
|
|
|
8.59 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Performance Graph
The following graph illustrates a five-year comparison of cumulative total returns for our common stock, the S&P 500 Composite Index and the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index (SOX) from August 31, 2005, through August 31, 2010.
Note: Management cautions that the stock price performance information shown in the graph below is provided as of fiscal year-end and may not be indicative of current stock price levels or future stock price performance.
We operate on a 52 or 53 week fiscal year which ends on the Thursday closest to August 31. Accordingly, the last day of our fiscal year varies. For consistent presentation and comparison to the industry indices shown herein, we have calculated our stock performance graph assuming an August 31 year end. The performance graph assumes $100 was invested on August 31, 2005 in common stock of Micron Technology, Inc., the S&P 500 Composite Index and the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index (SOX). Any dividends paid during the period presented were assumed to be reinvested. The performance was plotted using the following data:
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Micron Technology, Inc.
|
|
$ |
100 |
|
|
$ |
145 |
|
|
$ |
96 |
|
|
$ |
36 |
|
|
$ |
62 |
|
|
$ |
54 |
|
S&P 500 Composite Index
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
109 |
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
111 |
|
|
|
91 |
|
|
|
96 |
|
Philadelphia Semiconductor Index (SOX)
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
107 |
|
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
69 |
|
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
Amounts and balances in the table below have been adjusted for the retrospective application of new accounting standards for noncontrolling interests and certain convertible debt instruments. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Adjustment for Retrospective Application of New Accounting Standards” note.)
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
(in millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales
|
|
$ |
8,482 |
|
|
$ |
4,803 |
|
|
$ |
5,841 |
|
|
$ |
5,688 |
|
|
$ |
5,272 |
|
Gross margin
|
|
|
2,714 |
|
|
|
(440 |
) |
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
|
1,078 |
|
|
|
1,200 |
|
Operating income (loss)
|
|
|
1,589 |
|
|
|
(1,676 |
) |
|
|
(1,595 |
) |
|
|
(280 |
) |
|
|
350 |
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
|
1,900 |
|
|
|
(1,993 |
) |
|
|
(1,665 |
) |
|
|
(209 |
) |
|
|
415 |
|
Net income (loss) attributable to Micron
|
|
|
1,850 |
|
|
|
(1,882 |
) |
|
|
(1,655 |
) |
|
|
(331 |
) |
|
|
408 |
|
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
|
|
|
1.85 |
|
|
|
(2.35 |
) |
|
|
(2.14 |
) |
|
|
(0.43 |
) |
|
|
0.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and short-term investments
|
|
|
2,913 |
|
|
|
1,485 |
|
|
|
1,362 |
|
|
|
2,616 |
|
|
|
3,079 |
|
Total current assets
|
|
|
6,333 |
|
|
|
3,344 |
|
|
|
3,779 |
|
|
|
5,234 |
|
|
|
5,101 |
|
Property, plant and equipment, net
|
|
|
6,601 |
|
|
|
7,089 |
|
|
|
8,819 |
|
|
|
8,279 |
|
|
|
5,888 |
|
Total assets
|
|
|
14,693 |
|
|
|
11,459 |
|
|
|
13,432 |
|
|
|
14,810 |
|
|
|
12,221 |
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
|
2,702 |
|
|
|
1,892 |
|
|
|
1,598 |
|
|
|
2,026 |
|
|
|
1,661 |
|
Long-term debt
|
|
|
1,648 |
|
|
|
2,379 |
|
|
|
2,106 |
|
|
|
1,597 |
|
|
|
405 |
|
Total Micron shareholders’ equity
|
|
|
8,020 |
|
|
|
4,953 |
|
|
|
6,525 |
|
|
|
8,135 |
|
|
|
8,114 |
|
Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries
|
|
|
1,796 |
|
|
|
1,986 |
|
|
|
2,865 |
|
|
|
2,607 |
|
|
|
1,568 |
|
Total equity
|
|
|
9,816 |
|
|
|
6,939 |
|
|
|
9,390 |
|
|
|
10,742 |
|
|
|
9,682 |
|
On May 7, 2010, we completed our acquisition of Numonyx Holdings B.V. (“Numonyx”), which manufactures and sells NOR Flash, NAND Flash, DRAM and Phase Change memory technologies and products. In connection therewith, we issued 137.7 million shares of our common stock in exchange for all of the outstanding Numonyx capital stock and issued 4.8 million restricted stock units to employees of Numonyx in exchange for all of their outstanding restricted stock units. The total fair value of the consideration paid for Numonyx was $1,112 million and we recorded $2,162 million of assets, $613 million of liabilities and a gain of $437 million as a result of the acquisition. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Numonyx Holdings B.V” note.)
On December 18, 2009, we acquired a 50% interest in Transform Solar Pty Limited (“Transform”), a subsidiary of Origin Energy Limited (“Origin”), which is a public company in Australia. In exchange for the equity interest in Transform, we contributed nonmonetary assets with a fair value of $65 million, consisting of manufacturing facilities, equipment, intellectual property and a fully-paid lease with respect to a portion of our Boise, Idaho manufacturing facilities. The carrying value of the nonmonetary assets was approximately equal to the fair value of the equity interest in Transform and no gain or loss was recognized on the contribution. As of September 2, 2010, we and Origin both held 50% ownership interests in Transform. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Equity Method Investments – Transform” note.)
On July 10, 2009, we sold a 65% interest in Aptina Imaging Corporation (“Aptina”), previously a wholly-owned subsidiary, and account for our remaining interest under the equity method. We continue to manufacture products for Aptina under a wafer supply agreement. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Equity Method Investments – Aptina” note.)
In the first quarter of 2009, we acquired a noncontrolling interest in Inotera Memories, Inc. (“Inotera”), a publicly-traded DRAM manufacturer in Taiwan. In connection therewith, we entered into a supply agreement with Inotera to purchase 50% of Inotera’s wafer production capacity of DRAM products and substantially began purchasing product in the fourth quarter of 2009. As of September 2, 2010, our ownership interest was 29.9%. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Equity Method Investments – Inotera and MeiYa DRAM joint ventures with Nanya” note.)
We have two joint ventures with Intel Corporation: IM Flash Technologies, LLC (“IMFT”), formed in January, 2006, and IM Flash Singapore LLP (“IMFS”), formed in February, 2007 (collectively “IM Flash”), to manufacture NAND Flash memory products for the exclusive benefit of the partners. As of September 2, 2010, we owned an approximate 51% interest in IMFT and an approximate 57% interest in IMFS with the remaining interests held by Intel. Our ownership interest in IMFS increased to 71% on October 5, 2010. We consolidate IM Flash and report Intel’s ownership interests as noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Consolidated Variable Interest Entities – NAND Flash joint venture with Intel” note.)
In the third quarter of 2006, we began consolidating our TECH Semiconductor joint venture (“TECH”). In the third quarter of 2007, we acquired all of the shares of TECH held by the Singapore Economic Development Board, which increased our ownership interest from approximately 43% to approximately 73%. We also purchased additional shares in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2009, which increased our ownership interest to approximately 85% as of September 3, 2009, and the second quarter of 2010, which increased our ownership interest to approximate 87% as of September 2, 2010. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – TECH Semiconductor Singapore Pte. Ltd” note.)
In the fourth quarter of 2006, we acquired Lexar Media, Inc., a designer, developer, manufacturer and marketer of Flash memory products, in a stock-for-stock merger.
(See “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.”)
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
As used herein, “we,” “our,” “us” and similar terms include Micron Technology, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise. The following discussion contains trend information and other forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements such as those made in “Results of Operations” regarding the future composition of the our reportable segments; in “Net Sales” regarding future royalty and other payments from Nanya; DRAM production received from Inotera in 2011 and future increases in NAND Flash production resulting from the production ramp of IM Flash’s new fabrication facility; in “Gross Margin” regarding future charges for inventory write-downs and future margins on sales of Numonyx products; in “Selling, General and Administrative” regarding SG&A costs for the first quarter of 2011, future legal expenses and increased expenses resulting from the acquisition of Numonyx; in “Research and Development” regarding R&D costs for the first quarter of 2011 and increased expenses resulting from the acquisition of Numonyx; in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” regarding capital spending in 2011, future distributions from IM Flash to Intel and future contribution by us to IM Flash; and in “Recently Issued Accounting Standards” regarding the impact from the adoption of new accounting standards. Our actual results could differ materially from our historical results and those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include, but are not limited to, those identified in “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes for the year ended September 2, 2010. All period references are to our fiscal periods unless otherwise indicated. Our fiscal year is the 52 or 53-week period ending on the Thursday closest to August 31. All tabular dollar amounts are in millions. Our fiscal 2010, which ended on September 2, 2010, contained 52 weeks, our fiscal 2009 contained 53 weeks and our fiscal 2008 contained 52 weeks. All production data includes the production of our consolidated joint ventures and our other partnering arrangements.
Overview
We are a global manufacturer and marketer of semiconductor devices, principally DRAM, NAND Flash and NOR Flash memory, as well as other innovative memory technologies, packaging solutions and semiconductor systems. In addition, we manufacture semiconductor components for CMOS image sensors and other semiconductor products. We market our products through our internal sales force, independent sales representatives and distributors primarily to original equipment manufacturers and retailers located around the world. Our success is largely dependent on the market acceptance of our diversified portfolio of semiconductor products, efficient utilization of our manufacturing infrastructure, successful ongoing development of advanced process technologies and the return on research and development investments. (See “PART I - Item 1. Business.”)
Numonyx Holdings B.V. (“Numonyx”): On May 7, 2010, we completed our acquisition of Numonyx Holdings B.V. (“Numonyx”), which manufactures and sells NOR Flash, NAND Flash, DRAM and Phase Change memory technologies and products. We acquired Numonyx to further strengthen our portfolio of memory products, increase manufacturing and revenue scale, access Numonyx’s customer base and provide opportunities to increase multi-chip offerings in the embedded and mobile markets. In connection therewith, we issued 137.7 million shares of our common stock in exchange for all of the outstanding Numonyx capital stock and issued 4.8 million restricted stock units to the employees of Numonyx in exchange for all of their outstanding restricted stock units. The total fair value of the consideration we paid for Numonyx was $1,112 million and the net assets acquired were valued at $1,549 million resulting in a gain of $437 million. In addition, we recognized a $51 million income tax benefit in connection with the acquisition. Our results of operations for 2010 include $635 million of net sales and $13 million of operating losses from the Numonyx operations after the May 7, 2010 acquisition date. We incurred transaction costs of $20 million during 2010 in connection with the acquisition.
In connection with our purchase of Numonyx on May 7, 2010, we acquired a 20.7% noncontrolling equity interest in Hynix-Numonyx Semiconductor Ltd. (the “Hynix JV”), a joint venture with Hynix Semiconductor, Inc. (“Hynix”) and Hynix Semiconductor (WUXI) Limited. The change in control of Numonyx gave Hynix the right to purchase all of our equity interest in the Hynix JV. Hynix exercised its right to purchase our interest in the Hynix JV and consummated the equity transfer on August 31, 2010 for $423 million. Concurrent with the Numonyx acquisition, we entered into agreements with STMicroelectronics N.V. and DBS Bank Ltd. (“DBS”) that required us to guarantee, under certain conditions, an outstanding loan, made by DBS to the Hynix JV and as a result, recorded a $15 million liability as of the acquisition date. The outstanding balance of the Hynix JV loan was $250 million as of the acquisition date and is due in periodic installments from 2014 through 2016. Under the agreements, on August 31, 2010 the conditions for the guarantee were satisfied and we deposited $250 million of proceeds from the sale of our interest in the Hynix JV into a pledged account at DBS to collateralize our obligations under the guarantee of the loan. The amount on deposit in the DBS account is accounted for as restricted cash. The amount on deposit and our guarantee decrease as payments are made by the Hynix JV against the loan.
(See “Item 8. Financial Statements – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Numonyx Holdings B.V.” note and “Item 1. Financial Statements – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Equity Method Investments – Hynix JV” note.)
Results of Operations
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in millions and as a percent of net sales)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Memory
|
|
$ |
7,437 |
|
|
|
88 |
|
% |
|
$ |
4,290 |
|
|
|
89 |
|
% |
|
$ |
5,188 |
|
|
|
89 |
|
% |
Numonyx
|
|
|
635 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
% |
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
All Other
|
|
|
423 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
% |
|
|
513 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
% |
|
|
653 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
% |
Intersegment
|
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
% |
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
|
$ |
8,482 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
% |
|
$ |
4,803 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
% |
|
$ |
5,841 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross margin:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Memory
|
|
$ |
2,601 |
|
|
|
35 |
|
% |
|
$ |
(522 |
) |
|
|
(12 |
) |
% |
|
$ |
(241 |
) |
|
|
(5 |
) |
% |
Numonyx
|
|
|
123 |
|
|
|
19 |
|
% |
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
All Other
|
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
(3 |
) |
% |
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
% |
|
|
186 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
% |
Intersegment
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
% |
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
|
$ |
2,714 |
|
|
|
32 |
|
% |
|
$ |
(440 |
) |
|
|
(9 |
) |
% |
|
$ |
(55 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
$ |
528 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
% |
|
$ |
354 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
% |
|
$ |
455 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
% |
Research and development
|
|
|
624 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
% |
|
|
647 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
% |
|
|
680 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
% |
Restructure
|
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
% |
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
% |
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
% |
Goodwill impairment
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
% |
|
|
463 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
% |
Other operating (income) expense, net
|
|
|
(17 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
% |
|
|
107 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
% |
|
|
(91 |
) |
|
|
(2 |
) |
% |
Gain from acquisition of Numonyx
|
|
|
437 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
% |
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
Equity in net income (losses) of equity method investees, net of tax
|
|
|
(39 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
% |
|
|
(140 |
) |
|
|
(3 |
) |
% |
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
Net income (loss) attributable to Micron
|
|
|
1,850 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
% |
|
|
(1,882 |
) |
|
|
(39 |
) |
% |
|
|
(1,655 |
) |
|
|
(28 |
) |
% |
Our fiscal year is the 52 or 53-week period ending on the Thursday closest to August 31.
Amounts in the table above have been adjusted to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting standards for noncontrolling interests and certain convertible debt instruments. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Adjustment for Retrospective Application of New Accounting Standards” note.)
In 2010, we added a new reportable segment as a result of the acquisition of Numonyx and had two reportable segments, Memory and Numonyx. We included the former Numonyx business as a reportable segment since its acquisition on May 7, 2010. In 2009, we had two reportable segments, Memory and Imaging. In the first quarter of 2010, Imaging no longer met the quantitative thresholds of a reportable segment and management does not expect that Imaging will meet the quantitative thresholds in future years. As a result, Imaging is no longer considered a reportable segment and is included in our All Other nonreportable segments. Prior period amounts have been recast to reflect Imaging in All Other. Operating results of All Other primarily reflect activity of Imaging and also include activity of our microdisplay, solar and other operations. The continued integration of Numonyx into our operations will likely result in the re-definition of our reportable segments in 2011.
Net Sales
Total net sales for 2010 increased 77% as compared to 2009 primarily due to a 73% increase in Memory sales and the addition of $635 million of sales from Numonyx as a result of its acquisition in May 2010. The increase in Memory sales for 2010 as compared to 2009 primarily reflects significant increases in gigabits sold and improved average selling prices for certain products. Total net sales for 2009 decreased 18% as compared to 2008 primarily due to a 17% decrease in Memory sales and a 21% decrease in All Other sales.
Memory: Memory sales for 2010 increased 73% from 2009 primarily due to a 109% increase in sales of DRAM products and a 28% increase in sales of NAND Flash products.
Sales of DRAM products for 2010 increased from 2009 primarily due to a 69% increase in gigabits sold and a 28% increase in average selling prices. Gigabit production of DRAM products increased 75% for 2010 as compared to 2009, primarily due to additional supply received from our Inotera joint venture and production efficiencies achieved primarily through transitions to higher density, advanced geometry devices. DRAM products acquired from our Inotera Memories, Inc. (“Inotera”) joint venture accounted for 10% of our total net sales in 2010 as compared to less than 1% for 2009. We have rights and obligations to purchase 50% of Inotera’s wafer production capacity under a supply agreement with Inotera (the “Inotera Supply Agreement”). We expect that our DRAM supply from Inotera will increase significantly in 2011 due to Inotera’s transition of its manufacturing from trench DRAM process technology to our stack DRAM technology. The increase in average selling prices in 2010 for DRAM products from improved market conditions were partially offset by a shift in product mix resulting from increases sales of Inotera trench DRAM products that had significantly lower average selling prices per gigabit than our other DRAM products. Sales of DDR2 and DDR3 DRAM, our highest volume products, were 46% of our total net sales for 2010 as compared to 29% of total net sales for 2009 and 2008. The increase in DDR2 and DDR3 DRAM sales in 2010 as compared to 2009 was primarily attributable to higher increases in average selling prices relative to our other products and the increased supply from Inotera.
We sell NAND Flash products in three principal channels: (1) to Intel Corporation (“Intel”) through our IM Flash consolidated joint venture at long-term negotiated prices approximating cost, (2) to original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and other resellers and (3) to retailers. Aggregate sales of NAND Flash products for 2010 increased 28% from 2009 primarily due to a 55% increase in units sold partially offset by a 18% decline in average selling prices. Sales of NAND Flash products represented 28% of our total net sales for 2010, 39% of our total net sales for 2009 and 35% of net sales for 2008.
Sales through IM Flash to Intel were $764 million for 2010, $886 million for 2009 and $1,037 million for 2008. Gigabit sales to Intel were 71% higher in 2010 as compared to 2009 primarily due to a 68% increase in gigabit production of NAND Flash products over the same period. Production increases for NAND Flash were primarily due to improved manufacturing efficiencies achieved primarily through transitions to higher density, advanced geometry devices. We expect that the ramp of production at IM Flash’s new wafer fabrication facility in Singapore will begin to increase our NAND Flash production in the second half of 2011. For 2010, average selling prices for IM Flash sales to Intel decreased 49% as compared to 2009 due to reductions in costs per gigabit.
Aggregate sales of NAND Flash products to our OEM, reseller and retail customers were 65% higher for 2010 as compared to 2009 primarily due to a 42% increase in gigabit sales. Average selling prices to our OEM and reseller customers for 2010 increased 31% as compared to 2009, while average selling prices of our Lexar brand, which is directed primarily at the retail market, decreased 16%.
Memory sales for 2009 decreased 17% from 2008 primarily due to a 23% decrease in sales of DRAM products and a 10% decrease in sales of NAND Flash products. Sales of DRAM products for 2009 decreased from 2008 primarily due to a 52% decline in average selling prices mitigated by a 56% increase in gigabits sold. Gigabit production of DRAM products increased 52% for 2009 despite the shutdown of the Boise fabrication facility and production slowdowns at other 200mm wafer fabrication facilities. Sales of NAND Flash products for 2009 decreased 10% from 2008 due to a 15% decrease in sales to Intel primarily due to the shutdown of NAND Flash production at the our Boise wafer fabrication facility in 2009 and a 4% decrease in sales to OEM, resellers and retail customers primarily due a 52% decline in average selling prices, partially offset by a 100% increase in gigabit sales.
We have formed partnering arrangements which have sold or licensed technology to other parties. Our Memory segment recognized royalty and license revenue of $97 million in 2010, $135 million in 2009 and $58 million in 2008. We have a partnering arrangement with Nanya pursuant to which we and Nanya jointly develop process technology and designs to manufacture stack DRAM products. In addition, we have deployed and licensed certain intellectual property related to the manufacture of stack DRAM products to Nanya and licensed certain intellectual property from Nanya. We recognized $65 million, $105 million and $37 million, respectively, of license revenue in net sales from this arrangement during 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Effective beginning in April, 2010, the license agreement was completed and we generally share DRAM development costs with Nanya equally. Our research and development costs for 2010 were reduced $51 million by this cost sharing arrangement. In addition, in 2010, we received $6 million of royalties from Nanya for sales of stack DRAM products manufactured by or for Nanya on process nodes of 50nm or higher and will continue to receive royalties from Nanya associated with technology developed prior to April 2010.
Numonyx: Numonyx segment sales for 2010 reflect sales subsequent to the May 7, 2010 acquisition date of Numonyx. For this period, Numonyx segment sales were composed of approximately 70% NOR Flash products and approximately 30% NAND Flash products. Under business acquisition accounting, we are unable to recognize revenue on sales of Numonyx products that at the acquisition date were in the distribution channel and accounted for on a sell-through basis. Such unrecognized revenue was $79 million for 2010.
Gross Margin
Our overall gross margin percentage improved to 32% for 2010 from negative 9% for 2009 primarily due to improvements in the gross margin for Memory as a result of improved pricing and cost reductions. Overall gross margins were also impacted by our acquisition of Numonyx in May of 2010 as the Numonyx segment recorded gross margins of 19% for 2010 after the acquisition. Our overall gross margin percentage declined from negative 1% for 2008 to negative 9% for 2009 due to declines in the gross margins for both Memory and All Other primarily as a result of severe pricing pressure mitigated by cost reductions.
Memory: Our gross margin percentage for Memory products for 2010 improved to 35% from negative 12% for 2009 primarily due to improvements in the gross margins on sales of both DRAM and NAND Flash products.
Our gross margins are impacted by charges to write down inventories to their estimated market values as a result of the significant decreases in average selling prices for both DRAM and NAND Flash products. As charges to write down inventories are recorded in advance of when inventories are sold, gross margins in subsequent reporting periods are higher than they otherwise would be. The impact of inventory write-downs on gross margins for all periods reflects inventory write-downs less the estimated net effect of prior period write-downs. The effects of inventory write-downs on Memory gross margins by period were as follows:
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inventory write-downs
|
|
$ |
-- |
|
|
$ |
(603 |
) |
|
$ |
(282 |
) |
Estimated effect of previous inventory write-downs
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
767 |
|
|
|
98 |
|
Net effect of inventory write-downs
|
|
$ |
40 |
|
|
$ |
164 |
|
|
$ |
(184 |
) |
In future periods, we will be required to record additional inventory write-downs if estimated average selling prices of products held in finished goods and work in process inventories at a quarter-end date are below the manufacturing cost of those products.
Improvements in gross margins on sales of DRAM products for 2010 as compared to 2009 were primarily due to the 28% increase in average selling prices and a 35% reduction in costs per gigabit primarily as a result of improved production efficiencies. DRAM products acquired from our Inotera joint venture accounted for 10% total net sales in 2010 and our cost of wafers purchased under the Inotera Supply Agreement is based on a margin sharing formula among Nanya, Inotera, and ourselves. Under such formula, all parties’ manufacturing costs related to wafers supplied by Inotera, as well as our and Nanya’s selling prices for the resale of products from wafers supplied by Inotera, are considered in determining costs for wafers acquired from Inotera. For 2010, we realized significantly lower gross margins on sales of Inotera DRAM products than for sales of our other DRAM products. Gross margins on sales of DRAM products for 2010 did not include any costs for Inotera’s underutilized capacity, while in 2009 $95 million of underutilized capacity costs were recorded.
Our gross margin on sales of NAND Flash products for 2010 improved from 2009 primarily due to reductions in costs per gigabit of 42%, as a result of lower manufacturing costs from increased production of higher-density, advanced-geometry devices. The reductions in costs per gigabit on sales of NAND Flash products for 2010 were partially offset by the declines in average selling prices per gigabit of 18%. Gross margins on sales of NAND Flash products reflect sales of approximately half of IM Flash’s output to Intel at long-term negotiated prices approximating cost. Our cost of goods sold on sales of NAND Flash products for 2010 and 2009 included $62 million and $61 million, respectively, of idle capacity costs from IM Flash’s wafer fabrication facility in Singapore.
Our gross margin percentage for Memory products declined from negative 5% for 2008 to negative 12% for 2009 primarily due to declines in the gross margin for DRAM products partially offset by improvements in the gross margin for NAND Flash products. Gross margins for 2009 were positively affected by significant cost reductions for DRAM and NAND Flash products and the effects of selling memory products that were subject to inventory write-downs in 2008. Declines in gross margins on sales of DRAM products for 2009 as compared to 2008 were primarily due to the 52% decline in average selling prices mitigated by 40% reduction in costs per gigabit. The reduction in DRAM costs per gigabit was primarily due to production efficiencies. DRAM production costs for 2009 were adversely impacted by $95 million of underutilized capacity costs from Inotera. Our gross margin on sales of NAND Flash products for 2009 improved from 2008, despite a 56% decrease in overall average selling prices per gigabit, primarily due to a 61% reduction in costs per gigabit primarily due to lower manufacturing costs.
Numonyx: Numonyx segment gross margin for 2010 reflects operations subsequent to the May 7, 2010 acquisition date of Numonyx. In acquisition accounting, Numonyx’s inventory was recorded at fair value reflecting its estimated selling price at the time of the acquisition, which was approximately $185 million higher than the cost of inventory recorded by Numonyx at the acquisition date. Of this amount, approximately $67 million was reflected as an increase to Numonyx cost of goods sold for 2010 and substantially all the remainder is expected to be reflected in cost of goods sold as the products are sold in 2011.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses for 2010 increased 49% from 2009 primarily due to higher payroll expenses resulting from increased incentive-based compensation costs; increased costs associated with legal matters, including $64 million relating to accruals for estimated settlements in the indirect purchasers antitrust case and other matters (in Memory); $20 million of Numonyx acquisition costs and Numonyx SG&A subsequent to the acquisition. The increase in SG&A expenses for 2010 was reduced by a reduction in expenses for imaging operations as a result of the sale of a 65% interest in Aptina Imaging Corporation (“Aptina”) in the fourth quarter of 2009. We expect to incur increased SG&A expenses from Numonyx operations for 2011 as compared to 2010, which only reflected Numonyx’s operations from the May 7, 2010 acquisition date. SG&A expenses for 2009 decreased 22% from 2008, primarily due to lower payroll expenses and other costs related to our restructure initiatives and lower legal expenses. Lower payroll expenses reflected reductions in headcount, variable pay, salary levels and employee benefits. Future SG&A expense is expected to vary, potentially significantly, depending on, among other things, the number of legal matters that are resolved relatively early in their life-cycle and the number of legal matters that progress to trial. We expect that SG&A expenses will approximate $140 million to $150 million for the first quarter of 2011. SG&A expense by segment were as follows:
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Memory
|
|
$ |
444 |
|
|
$ |
315 |
|
|
$ |
385 |
|
Numonyx
|
|
|
57 |
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
-- |
|
All Other
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
$ |
528 |
|
|
$ |
354 |
|
|
$ |
455 |
|
Research and Development
Research and development (“R&D”) expenses vary primarily with the number of development wafers processed, the cost of advanced equipment dedicated to new product and process development and personnel costs. Because of the lead times necessary to manufacture our products, we typically begin to process wafers before completion of performance and reliability testing. We deem development of a product complete once the product has been thoroughly reviewed and tested for performance and reliability. R&D expenses can vary significantly depending on the timing of product qualification as costs incurred in production prior to qualification are charged to R&D.
R&D expenses for 2010 decreased 4% from 2009 primarily due to a DRAM cost-sharing arrangement with Nanya that commenced in 2010 and a reduction in R&D costs for imaging products as a result of the sale of a 65% interest in Aptina in the fourth quarter of 2009, partially offset by higher payroll expenses resulting from the accrual of incentive-based compensation costs and additional R&D expenses in connection with the May 7, 2010 acquisition of Numonyx. R&D expenses were reduced by $104 million in 2010, $107 million in 2009 and $148 million in 2008 for amounts reimbursable from Intel under a NAND Flash R&D cost-sharing arrangement. R&D expenses were reduced by $51 million in 2010 for amounts reimbursable from Nanya under a DRAM R&D cost-sharing arrangement that commenced in the third quarter of 2010. We expect that reimbursements from Nanya under the DRAM R&D cost sharing arrangement will increase in 2011 when the arrangement is outstanding for the entire year. We expect to incur increased R&D expenses from Numonyx’s operations in 2011 as compared to 2010, which only reflected Numonyx’s operations from the May 7, 2010 acquisition date. We expect that R&D expenses, net of amounts reimbursable from our R&D partners, will approximate $195 million to $205 million for the first quarter of 2011. R&D expenses for 2009 decreased 5% from 2008 primarily due to lower payroll costs and decreases in costs of development wafers processed.
R&D expenses by segment were as follows:
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Memory
|
|
$ |
526 |
|
|
$ |
529 |
|
|
$ |
536 |
|
Numonyx
|
|
|
79 |
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
-- |
|
All Other
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
144 |
|
|
|
$ |
624 |
|
|
$ |
647 |
|
|
$ |
680 |
|
Our process technology R&D efforts are focused primarily on development of successively smaller line-width process technologies which are designed to facilitate our transition to next generation memory products. Additional process technology R&D efforts focus on the enablement of advanced computing and mobile memory architectures, the investigation of new opportunities that leverage our core semiconductor expertise and the development of new manufacturing materials. Product design and development efforts are concentrated on our high density DDR3 DRAM and LP-DDR2 mobile LPDRAM products as well as high density and mobile NAND Flash memory (including multi-level cell technology), NOR Flash memory, specialty memory, phase change memory and memory systems.
Restructure
In response to a severe downturn in the semiconductor memory industry and global economic conditions, we initiated a restructure plan in 2009 primarily within our Memory segment. In the first quarter of 2009, IM Flash, our joint venture and Intel, terminated an agreement to obtain NAND Flash memory supply from our Boise facility. In connection therewith, Intel paid us $208 million in 2009. In addition, we phased out all remaining 200mm DRAM wafer manufacturing operations in Boise, Idaho in the second half of 2009. As a result of these restructure plans, we reduced employment in 2009 by approximately 4,600 employees, or approximately 20%. We do not expect to incur any additional material restructure charges related to the plan initiated in 2009. The following table summarizes restructure charges (credits) resulting from the restructure activities:
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Gain) loss from disposition of equipment
|
|
$ |
(13 |
) |
|
$ |
152 |
|
|
$ |
-- |
|
Severance and other termination benefits
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
23 |
|
Gain from termination of NAND Flash supply agreement
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
(144 |
) |
|
|
-- |
|
Other
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
$ |
(10 |
) |
|
$ |
70 |
|
|
$ |
33 |
|
Goodwill Impairment
In the second quarter of 2009, our imaging operations (the primary component of All Other segment) experienced a severe decline in sales, margins and profitability due to a significant decline in demand as a result of the downturn in global economic conditions. The drop in market demand resulted in significant declines in average selling prices and unit sales. Due to these market and economic conditions, our imaging operations experienced a significant decline in market value. Accordingly, in the second quarter of 2009, we performed an assessment of our imaging operations goodwill for impairment. Based on this assessment, we wrote off all of the $58 million of goodwill associated with our imaging operations as of March 5, 2009.
In the first and second quarters of 2008, we experienced a sustained, significant decline in our stock price. As a result of the decline in stock prices, our market capitalization fell significantly below the recorded value of our consolidated net assets for most of the second quarter of 2008. The reduced market capitalization at that time reflected, in part, the Memory segment’s lower average selling prices and expected continued weakness in pricing for our memory products. Accordingly, in the second quarter of 2008, we performed an assessment of Memory segment goodwill for impairment. Based on this assessment, we wrote off all the $463 million of goodwill associated with our Memory segment as of February 28, 2008.
Other Operating (Income) Expense, Net
Other operating (income) expense consisted of the following:
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Government grants in connection with operations in China
|
|
$ |
(24 |
) |
|
$ |
(9 |
) |
|
$ |
(2 |
) |
Receipts from U.S. government for anti-dumping tariffs
|
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
(38 |
) |
(Gain) loss on disposition of property, plant and equipment
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
54 |
|
|
|
(66 |
) |
Loss on sale of majority interest in Aptina
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
-- |
|
(Gain) loss from changes in currency exchange rates
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
Other
|
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
$ |
(17 |
) |
|
$ |
107 |
|
|
$ |
(91 |
) |
Interest Income/Expense
Interest expense for 2010, 2009 and 2008, includes aggregate amounts of non-cash amortization of debt discount and issuance costs of $76 million, $71 million and $49 million, respectively. As a result of the retrospective adoption of a new accounting standard for certain convertible debt, we modified our accounting for our $1.3 billion 1.875% convertible notes. We retrospectively allocated the $1.3 billion aggregate proceeds at inception between a liability component (issued at a discount) and an equity component. The debt discount is being amortized from issuance through June 2014, the maturity date of the 1.875% convertible notes, with the amortization recorded as additional non-cash interest expense. Included in the noncash interest expense above is amortization on the 1.875% convertible notes of $56 million in 2010, $52 million in 2009 and $47 million in 2008. (See “Item 1. Financial Statements – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Adjustments for Retrospective Application of New Accounting Standards” note.)
Other Non-Operating Income (Expense), net
On August 3, 2009, Inotera sold common shares in a public offering. As a result, our interest in Inotera decreased from 35.5% to 29.8% and we recognized a gain of $56 million in the first quarter of 2010. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Supplemental Balance Sheet Information – Equity Method Investments – Inotera and MeiYa DRAM joint ventures with Nanya – Inotera” note.)
Income Taxes
Income taxes for 2010 include a benefit of $51 million from reduction of a portion of the deferred tax asset valuation allowance in connection with the sale of our equity interest in the Hynix JV that was acquired as part of the Numonyx acquisition. Except for this benefit, taxes for 2010 and 2009 primarily reflect taxes on our non-U.S. operations and U.S. alternative minimum tax. We have a valuation allowance against substantially all U.S. net deferred tax assets. Taxes attributable to U.S. operations for 2010, 2009 and 2008 were substantially offset by changes in the valuation allowance.
We have a valuation allowance against substantially all U.S. net deferred tax assets. As of September 2, 2010, the federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards were $2.4 billion, $2.0 billion and $290 million, respectively. If not utilized, substantially all of the federal and state net operating loss carryforwards will expire in 2022 to 2029 and the foreign net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2015. As of September 2, 2010, the federal and state tax credit carryforwards were $188 million and $204 million, respectively. If not utilized, substantially all of the federal and state tax credit carryforwards will expire in 2013 to 2030. As a consequence of prior business acquisitions, utilization of the tax benefits for some of the tax carryforwards is subject to limitations imposed by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and some portion or all of these carryforwards may not be available to offset any future taxable income. The determination of the limitations is complex and requires significant judgment and analysis of past transactions.
In connection with the acquisition of Numonyx, we accrued a $66 million liability related to uncertain tax positions on the tax years of Numonyx open to examination. We have recorded an indemnification asset for a significant portion of these accrued liabilities related to these tax positions.
Equity in Net Losses of Equity Method Investees
We have partnered with Nanya in two Taiwan DRAM memory companies accounted for as equity method investments: Inotera and MeiYa Technology Corporation (“MeiYa”). Inotera and MeiYa each have fiscal years that end on December 31. We recognize our share of Inotera’s and MeiYa’s quarterly earnings or losses on a two-month lag. From our interest in these equity method investments, we recognized a loss of $5 million for 2010 and a loss of $140 million for 2009.
As a result of our sale of a 65% interest in our Aptina subsidiary on July 10, 2009, we account for our remaining interest in Aptina under the equity method. Our shares in Aptina constitute 35% of Aptina’s total common and preferred stock and 64% of Aptina’s common stock. Under the equity method, we recognize our share of Aptina’s results of operations based on our 64% share of Aptina’s common stock on a two-month lag. We recognized losses of $24 million on our investment in Aptina for 2010.
On December 18, 2009, we acquired a 50% interest in Transform, a subsidiary of Origin Energy Limited (“Origin”), in exchange for our contribution to Transform of nonmonetary manufacturing assets with a fair value of $65 million. We recognize our 50% share of Transform’s results of operations on a two-month lag. Our results of operations for 2010 included a loss of $12 million for our share of Transform’s results of operations from the acquisition date through June 30, 2010.
(See “Item 8. Financial Statements – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Supplemental Balance Sheet Information – Equity Method Investments” note.)
Noncontrolling Interests in Net (Income) Loss
Noncontrolling interests for 2010, 2009 and 2008 primarily reflects the share of income or losses attributed to the noncontrolling interests in our TECH joint venture. We made the following purchases of TECH shares: $99 million on February 27, 2009, $99 million on June 2, 2009, and $60 million on August 27, 2009. As a result, noncontrolling interests in TECH were reduced from approximately 27% as of August 28, 2008 to approximately 15% as of September 3, 2009. We purchased an additional $80 million of TECH shares on January 27, 2010 and further reduced noncontrolling interest in TECH to approximately 13% as of September 2, 2010. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – TECH Semiconductor Singapore Pte. Ltd” note.)
Stock-based Compensation
Total compensation cost for our equity plans for 2010, 2009 and 2008 was $93 million, $44 million and $48 million, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense was higher for 2010 than for 2009 primarily due to the accrual of performance-based stock compensation costs as a result of improved operating results. Stock compensation expenses fluctuate based on assessments of whether the achievement of performance conditions is probable for performance-based stock grants.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of September 2, 2010, we had cash and equivalents totaling $2,913 million compared to $1,485 million as of September 3, 2009. The balance as of September 2, 2010 included $355 million held at our TECH joint venture and $246 million held at our IM Flash joint ventures. Our ability to access funds held by the joint ventures to finance our other operations is subject to agreement by the joint venture partners, debt covenants and contractual limitations. Amounts held by TECH and IM Flash are not anticipated to be available to finance our other operations.
Our cash and equivalents were composed of the following as of September 2, 2010:
Bank deposit accounts
|
|
$ |
372 |
|
Money market accounts
|
|
|
2,170 |
|
Certificates of deposit
|
|
|
371 |
|
|
|
$ |
2,913 |
|
To mitigate credit risk we invest through high-credit-quality financial institutions and, by policy, generally limit the concentration of credit exposure by restricting investments with any single obligor.
Our liquidity is highly dependent on average selling prices for our products and the timing of capital expenditures, both of which can vary significantly from period to period. Depending on conditions in the semiconductor memory market, our cash flows from operations and current holdings of cash and investments may not be adequate to meet our needs for capital expenditures and operations. Historically, we have used external sources of financing to fund these needs. Due to conditions in the credit markets, it may be difficult to obtain financing on terms acceptable to us.
Operating activities: Net cash provided by operating activities was $3,096 million for 2010, which reflected approximately $3,530 million generated from the production and sales of our products partially offset by a $516 million increase in accounts receivable due to a higher level of sales and in an increase in the proportion of sales to original equipment manufacturers who generally have longer payment terms than other customers.
On October 1, 2010, we entered into a 10-year patent cross-license agreement with Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. (“Samsung”). Under the agreement, Samsung will pay us $275 million, with $200 million paid in October 2010, $40 million due January 31, 2011 and $35 million due March 31, 2011. The license is a life-of-patents license for existing patents and applications and a 10-year term license for all other patents.
Investing activities: Net cash used for investing activities was $448 million for 2010, which included cash expenditures of $616 million for property, plant and equipment and $138 million for the acquisition of additional shares in Inotera partially offset by net proceeds from the sale of our interest in the Hynix JV of $173 million (net of $250 million placed in a cash collateral account for a loan guarantee). A significant portion of the capital expenditures related to IM Flash and TECH operations. We believe that to develop new product and process technologies, support future growth, achieve operating efficiencies and maintain product quality, we must continue to invest in manufacturing technologies, facilities and capital equipment and research and development. We expect that capital spending will be approximately $2.4 billion to $2.9 billion for 2011. The actual amount in 2011 will vary depending on funding participation by joint venture partners and market conditions. As of September 2, 2010, we had commitments of approximately $1.2 billion for the acquisition of property, plant and equipment, most of which is expected to be paid within one year.
In connection with the Numonyx acquisition, we acquired a 20.7% noncontrolling interest in the Hynix JV. Subsequent to the acquisition, Hynix exercised its option to purchase our equity interest in the Hynix JV for $423 million on August 31, 2010. Also in connection with the Numonyx acquisition, we entered into agreements with STMicroelectronics N.V. and DBS Bank Ltd. (“DBS”) that require us to guarantee an outstanding $250 million loan, due in periodic installments from 2014 through 2016, made by DBS to the Hynix JV. Under the agreements, on August 31, 2010, we deposited $250 million of proceeds from the sale of our interest in the Hynix JV into a pledged account at DBS Bank Ltd. (“DBS”) to collateralize the guarantee of the loan. The amount on deposit in the DBS account is accounted for as restricted cash. The amount on deposit and our guarantee decrease as payments are made by the Hynix JV against the loan.
Financing activities: Net cash used for financing activities was $1,220 million for 2010, which includes payments of debt, net of proceeds received, of $640 million. Debt payments included $213 million to repay a note with the Singapore Economic Development Board, $200 million to reduce the amount outstanding under the TECH credit facility and $70 million to repay the Lexar convertible notes. Cash used for financing activities also includes $330 million of payments on equipment purchase contracts and $229 million of net distributions to joint venture partners.
TECH’s credit facility contains covenants that, among other requirements, establish certain liquidity, debt service coverage and leverage ratios, and restrict its ability to incur indebtedness, create liens and acquire or dispose of assets. In the first quarter of 2010, the covenants were modified and as of September, 2010, TECH was in compliance with the covenants. We guarantee 100% of the $348 million outstanding amount borrowed under the TECH credit facility as of September 2, 2010. Under the terms of the credit facility, TECH had $60 million in restricted cash as of September 2, 2010.
(See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Supplemental Balance Sheet Information – Debt” note.)
Joint ventures: In 2010, IM Flash distributed $267 million to Intel and we expect that it will make additional distributions to Intel in the future. Timing of these distributions and any future contributions, however, is subject to market conditions and approval of the partners. In the second quarter of 2010, IM Flash began moving forward with start-up activities including placing purchase orders and preparing the facility for tool installations at its new 300mm wafer fabrication facility in Singapore that commenced in 2011. In 2010, we contributed $128 million and Intel contributed $38 million to IM Flash. In the first quarter of 2011, we contributed $392 million to IM Flash and Intel did not make any contribution. We expect to make significant contributions to IM Flash in future periods in connection with these start-up activities. The level of our future capital contributions to IM Flash will depend on the extent to which Intel participates with us in future IM Flash capital calls.
We made capital contributions to TECH of $80 million in 2010 and $258 million in 2009 increasing our equity interest in TECH to 87%. The shareholders’ agreement for the TECH joint venture expires in April 2011. In September 2009, TECH received a notice from Hewlett-Packard Company (“HP”) that it does not intend to extend the TECH joint venture beyond April 2011. We are in discussions with HP and Canon Inc. (“Canon”) to reach a resolution of the matter, which may include our purchase of their interests. The parties’ inability to reach a resolution prior to April 2011 could result in the sale of TECH’s assets and could require repayment of TECH’s credit facility ($348 million outstanding as of September 2, 2010). (See Item 1A. Risk Factors.)
On December 15, 2009, Inotera’s Board of Directors approved the issuance of 640 million common shares. On February 6, 2010, we purchased approximately 196 million shares for $138 million, slightly increasing our equity interest in Inotera from 29.8% to 29.9%.
Contractual obligations: The following table summarizes our significant contractual obligations as of September 2, 2010, and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Less than 1 year
|
|
|
1-3 years
|
|
|
3-5 years
|
|
|
More than 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes payable (1)
|
|
$ |
2,223 |
|
|
$ |
443 |
|
|
$ |
220 |
|
|
$ |
1,560 |
|
|
$ |
-- |
|
Capital lease obligations (1)
|
|
|
602 |
|
|
|
347 |
|
|
|
128 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
83 |
|
Operating leases
|
|
|
131 |
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
41 |
|
Purchase obligations
|
|
|
1,801 |
|
|
|
1,687 |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
Other long-term liabilities
|
|
|
527 |
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
197 |
|
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
172 |
|
Total
|
|
$ |
5,284 |
|
|
$ |
2,508 |
|
|
$ |
672 |
|
|
$ |
1,794 |
|
|
$ |
310 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) Includes interest
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The obligations disclosed above do not include contractual obligations recorded on our balance sheet as current liabilities except for the current portion of long-term debt. The expected timing of payment amounts of the obligations discussed above is estimated based on current information. Timing and actual amounts paid may differ depending on the timing of receipt of goods or services, market prices, changes to agreed-upon amounts or timing of certain events for some obligations.
Purchase obligations include all commitments to purchase goods or services of either a fixed or minimum quantity that meet any of the following criteria: (1) they are noncancelable, (2) we would incur a penalty if the agreement was cancelled, or (3) we must make specified minimum payments even if it does not take delivery of the contracted products or services (“take-or-pay”). If the obligation to purchase goods or services is noncancelable, the entire value of the contract was included in the above table. If the obligation is cancelable, but we would incur a penalty if cancelled, the dollar amount of the penalty was included as a purchase obligation. Contracted minimum amounts specified in take-or-pay contracts are also included in the above table as they represent the portion of each contract that is a firm commitment.
Pursuant to the Inotera Supply Agreement, we have an obligation to purchase 50% of Inotera’s output of semiconductor memory components subject to specific terms and conditions. As purchase quantities are based on qualified production output, the Inotera Supply Agreement does not contain a fixed or minimum purchase quantity and therefore we did not include our obligations under the Inotera Supply Agreement in the contractual obligations table above. Our obligation under the Inotera Supply Agreement also fluctuates due to pricing which is based on manufacturing costs and margins associated with the resale of DRAM products. Pursuant to our obligations under the Inotera Supply Agreement, we purchased $693 million of DRAM products from Inotera in 2010.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In connection with the acquisition of Numonyx, we entered into agreements with STMicroelectronics N.V. and DBS that require us to guarantee an outstanding $250 million loan, due in periodic installments from 2014 through 2016, made by DBS to the Hynix JV. Under the agreements, on August 31, 2010, we deposited $250 million of proceeds from the sale of our interest in the Hynix JV into a pledged account at DBS to collateralize our obligations under the guarantee of the loan. The amount on deposit in the DBS account is accounted for as restricted cash. The amount on deposit and our guarantee decrease as payments are made by the Hynix JV against the loan. As of September 2, 2010, other noncurrent liabilities included $15 million for the fair value of our obligations under our agreements with STMicroelectronics and DBS. (See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Supplemental Balance Sheet Information – Equity Method Investments – Hynix JV” note.)
Concurrent with the offering of the 1.875% Convertible Notes in May 2007, we paid approximately $151 million for three Capped Call transactions (the “Capped Calls”). The Capped Calls cover an aggregate of approximately 91.3 million shares of common stock. The Capped Calls are in three equal tranches with cap prices of $17.25, $20.13 and $23.00 per share, respectively, each with an initial strike price of approximately $14.23 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The Capped Calls expire on various dates between November 2011 and December 2012. The Capped Calls are intended to reduce potential dilution upon conversion of the Convertible Notes.
Concurrent with the offering of the 4.25% Senior Notes in April, 2009, we paid approximately $25 million for three capped call instruments that have an initial strike price of approximately $5.08 per share (the “2009 Capped Calls”). The 2009 Capped Calls have a cap price of $6.64 per share and cover an aggregate of approximately 45.2 million shares of common stock. The Capped Calls expire in October and November of 2012. The 2009 Capped Calls are intended to reduce potential dilution upon conversion of the 4.25% Senior Notes.
(See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Supplemental Balance Sheet Information – Shareholders’ Equity – Capped Call Transactions” note.)
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In May 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a new accounting standard for convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion, including partial cash settlement. This standard requires that issuers of these types of convertible debt instruments separately account for the liability and equity components of such instruments in a manner such that interest cost is recognized at the entity’s nonconvertible debt borrowing rate in subsequent periods. We adopted this standard as of the beginning of 2010 and retrospectively accounted for our $1.3 billion 1.875% convertible senior notes under the provisions of this guidance from the May 2007 issuance date of the notes. As a result, prior financial statement amounts were recast. (See “Adjustments for Retrospective Application of New Accounting Standards” note.)
In December 2007, the FASB issued a new accounting standard on noncontrolling interests in consolidated financial statements. This standard requires that (1) noncontrolling interests be reported as a separate component of equity, (2) net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest be separately identified in the statement of operations, (3) changes in a parent’s ownership interest while the parent retains its controlling interest be accounted for as equity transactions and (4) any retained noncontrolling equity investment upon the deconsolidation of a subsidiary be initially measured at fair value. We adopted this standard as of the beginning of 2010. As a result, prior financial statement amounts were recast. (See “Adjustments for Retrospective Application of New Accounting Standards” note.)
In December 2007, the FASB issued a new accounting standard on business combinations, which establishes the principles and requirements for how an acquirer (1) recognizes and measures in its financial statements identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree, (2) recognizes and measures goodwill acquired in the business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase and (3) determines what information to disclose. We adopted this standard effective as of the beginning of 2010. The initial adoption did not have a significant impact on our financial statements. The acquisition of Numonyx was accounted for under the provisions of this new standard. (See “Numonyx Holdings B.V.” note.)
In September 2006, the FASB issued a new accounting standard on fair value measurements and disclosures, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. We adopted this standard effective as of the beginning of 2009 for financial assets and financial liabilities. We adopted this standard effective as of the beginning of 2010 for all other assets and liabilities. The adoptions did not have a significant impact on our financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In June 2009, the FASB issued a new accounting standard on variable interest entities which (1) replaces the quantitative-based risks and rewards calculation for determining whether an enterprise is the primary beneficiary in a variable interest entity with an approach that is primarily qualitative, (2) requires ongoing assessments of whether an enterprise is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity and (3) requires additional disclosures about an enterprise’s involvement in variable interest entities. We are required to adopt this standard as of the beginning of 2011. We do not expect the initial adoption of this standard to have a significant impact on our financial statements as of the adoption date. The impact on periods subsequent to the initial adoption will depend on the nature and extent of our variable interest entities after the beginning of 2011.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures. Estimates and judgments are based on historical experience, forecasted future events and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Estimates and judgments may vary under different assumptions or conditions. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. Our management believes the accounting policies below are critical in the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and requires management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments.
Acquisitions: Accounting for acquisitions and consolidations requires us to estimate the fair value of consideration paid and the individual assets and liabilities acquired as well as various forms of consideration given, which involves a number of judgments, assumptions and estimates that could materially affect the amount and timing of costs recognized. We typically obtain independent third party valuation studies to assist in determining fair values, including assistance in determining future cash flows, appropriate discount rates and comparable market values.
Consolidations: Determining whether to consolidate a variable interest entity may require judgment in assessing (1) whether an entity is a variable interest entity and (2) if we are the entity’s primary beneficiary. We are required to consolidate a variable interest entity if we have variable interests that will absorb a majority of `the entity’s expected losses, receive a majority of the entity’s expected residual returns, or both. Determining the primary beneficiary requires consideration of the rights and obligations conveyed by our variable interests and the relationship of our variable interests with variable interests held by other parties. If we hold variable interests in the same variable interest entity with another entity that is considered a related party, we are required to assess whether we are the primary beneficiary based on a determination of who is most closely associated with the variable interest entity. This assessment requires judgment and shall be based on an analysis of all relevant facts and circumstances, including (1) the relationship and significance of the activities of the variable interest entity to the various parties within the related party group, (2) each party’s exposure to the expected losses of the variable interest entity and (3) the design of the variable interest entity. In 2011, upon adoption of a new accounting standard, the determination of the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity will require an assessment of whether we have the power to direct the activities of a variable interest entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance.
Contingencies: We are subject to the possibility of losses from various contingencies. Considerable judgment is necessary to estimate the probability and amount of any loss from such contingencies. An accrual is made when it is probable that a liability has been incurred or an asset has been impaired and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We accrue a liability and charge operations for the estimated costs of adjudication or settlement of asserted and unasserted claims existing as of the balance sheet date.
Income taxes: We are required to estimate our provision for income taxes and amounts ultimately payable or recoverable in numerous tax jurisdictions around the world. Estimates involve interpretations of regulations and are inherently complex. Resolution of income tax treatments in individual jurisdictions may not be known for many years after completion of any fiscal year. We are also required to evaluate the realizability of our deferred tax assets on an ongoing basis in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires the assessment of our performance and other relevant factors. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent on our ability to generate future taxable income.
Inventories: Inventories are stated at the lower of average cost or market value and we recorded charges of $603 million in aggregate for 2009 and $282 million in aggregate for 2008 to write down the carrying value of inventories of memory products to their estimated market values. Cost includes labor, material and overhead costs, including product and process technology costs. Determining market value of inventories involves numerous judgments, including projecting average selling prices and sales volumes for future periods and costs to complete products in work in process inventories. To project average selling prices and sales volumes, we review recent sales volumes, existing customer orders, current contract prices, industry analysis of supply and demand, seasonal factors, general economic trends and other information. When these analyses reflect estimated market values below our manufacturing costs, we record a charge to cost of goods sold in advance of when the inventory is actually sold. Differences in forecasted average selling prices used in calculating lower of cost or market adjustments can result in significant changes in the estimated net realizable value of product inventories and accordingly the amount of write-down recorded. For example, a 5% variance in the estimated selling prices would have changed the estimated market value of our Memory segment inventory by approximately $105 million at September 2, 2010. Due to the volatile nature of the semiconductor memory industry, actual selling prices and volumes often vary significantly from projected prices and volumes and, as a result, the timing of when product costs are charged to operations can vary significantly.
U.S. GAAP provides for products to be grouped into categories in order to compare costs to market values. The amount of any inventory write-down can vary significantly depending on the determination of inventory categories. Our inventories have been categorized as Memory, Numonyx, Imaging and Microdisplay products. The major characteristics we consider in determining inventory categories are product type and markets.
Product and process technology: Costs incurred to acquire product and process technology or to patent technology developed by ourselves are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over periods currently ranging up to 10 years. We capitalize a portion of costs incurred based on our analysis of historical and projected patents issued as a percent of patents filed. Capitalized product and process technology costs are amortized over the shorter of (1) the estimated useful life of the technology, (2) the patent term or (3) the term of the technology agreement.
Property, plant and equipment: We review the carrying value of property, plant and equipment for impairment when events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable from the estimated future cash flows expected to result from its use and/or disposition. In cases where undiscounted expected future cash flows are less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the assets. The estimation of future cash flows involves numerous assumptions which require judgment by us, include, but are not limited to, future use of the assets for our operations versus sale or disposal of the assets, future selling prices for our products and future production and sales volumes. In addition, judgment is required by us in determining the groups of assets for which impairment tests are separately performed.
Research and development: Costs related to the conceptual formulation and design of products and processes are expensed as research and development as incurred. Determining when product development is complete requires judgment y us. We deem development of a product complete once the product has been thoroughly reviewed and tested for performance and reliability. Subsequent to product qualification, product costs are valued in inventory.
Stock-based compensation: Compensation cost for stock-based compensation is estimated at the grant date based on the fair-value of the award and is recognized as expense ratably over the requisite service period of the award. For stock-based compensation awards with graded vesting that were granted after 2005, we recognize compensation expense using the straight-line amortization method. For performance-based stock awards, the expense recognized is dependent on the probability of the performance measure being achieved. We utilize forecasts of future performance to assess these probabilities and this assessment requires considerable judgment.
Determining the appropriate fair-value model and calculating the fair value of stock-based awards at the grant date requires considerable judgment, including estimating stock price volatility, expected option life and forfeiture rates. We develop its estimates based on historical data and market information which can change significantly over time. A small change in the estimates used can result in a relatively large change in the estimated valuation. We use the Black-Scholes option valuation model to value employee stock awards. We estimate stock price volatility based on an average of its historical volatility and the implied volatility derived from traded options on our stock.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
As of September 2, 2010, $1,810 million of our $2,360 million of debt was at fixed interest rates. As a result, the fair value of our debt fluctuates based on changes in market interest rates. The estimated fair value of our debt was $2,565 million as of September 2, 2010 and $2,868 million as of September 3, 2009. We estimate that, as of September 2, 2010, a 1% decrease in market interest rates would change the fair value of our fixed-rate debt instruments by approximately $49 million. As of September 2, 2010, $550 million of the debt had variable interest rates and a 1% increase in the rates would increase annual interest expense by approximately $4 million.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
The information in this section should be read in conjunction with the information related to changes in the exchange rates of foreign currency in “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” Changes in foreign currency exchange rates could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
The functional currency for substantially all of our operations is the U.S. dollar. We held cash and other assets in foreign currencies valued at an aggregate of U.S. $504 million as of September 2, 2010 and U.S. $229 million as of September 3, 2009. We also had foreign currency liabilities valued at an aggregate of U.S. $901 million as of September 2, 2010, and U.S. $742 million as of September 3, 2009. Significant components of assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies were as follows (in U.S. dollar equivalents):
|
|
September 2, 2010
|
|
|
September 3, 2009
|
|
|
|
Singapore Dollars
|
|
|
Yen
|
|
|
Euro
|
|
|
Singapore Dollars
|
|
|
Yen
|
|
|
Euro
|
|
|
|
(amounts in millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax assets
|
|
$ |
-- |
|
|
$ |
115 |
|
|
$ |
6 |
|
|
$ |
-- |
|
|
$ |
115 |
|
|
$ |
4 |
|
Other assets
|
|
|
88 |
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
196 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
|
(158 |
) |
|
|
(186 |
) |
|
|
(168 |
) |
|
|
(68 |
) |
|
|
(141 |
) |
|
|
(99 |
) |
Debt
|
|
|
(78 |
) |
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
(61 |
) |
|
|
(289 |
) |
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
|
(4 |
) |
Other liabilities
|
|
|
(14 |
) |
|
|
(75 |
) |
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
|
(41 |
) |
Net assets (liabilities)
|
|
$ |
(162 |
) |
|
$ |
(100 |
) |
|
$ |
(127 |
) |
|
$ |
(340 |
) |
|
$ |
(89 |
) |
|
$ |
(100 |
) |
We estimate that, based on the assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar as of September 2, 2010, a 1% change in the exchange rate versus the U.S. dollar would expose us to foreign currency gains or losses of approximately U.S. $2 million for the Singapore dollar and U.S. $1 million for the euro and the yen. During the first quarter of 2010, we began using derivative instruments to hedge foreign currency exchange rate risk. (See Item 8. Financial Statements – “Derivative Financial Instruments” note.)
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
Page
|
|
|
Consolidated Financial Statements as of September 2, 2010 and September 3, 2009 and for the fiscal years ended September 2, 2010, September 3, 2009 and August 28, 2008:
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Operations
|
45
|
|
|
Consolidated Balance Sheets
|
46
|
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
|
47
|
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
|
48
|
|
|
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
49
|
|
|
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
|
82
|
|
|
Financial Statement Schedule:
|
|
|
|
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
|
90
|
MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in millions except per share amounts)
For the year ended
|
|
September 2, 2010
|
|
|
September 3, 2009
|
|
|
August 28, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales
|
|
$ |
8,482 |
|
|
$ |
4,803 |
|
|
$ |
5,841 |
|
Cost of goods sold
|
|
|
5,768 |
|
|
|
5,243 |
|
|
|
5,896 |
|
Gross margin
|
|
|
2,714 |
|
|
|
(440 |
) |
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
528 |
|
|
|
354 |
|
|
|
455 |
|
Research and development
|
|
|
624 |
|
|
|
647 |
|
|
|
680 |
|
Restructure
|
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
Goodwill impairment
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
463 |
|
Other operating (income) expense, net
|
|
|
(17 |
) |
|
|
107 |
|
|
|
(91 |
) |
Operating income (loss)
|
|
|
1,589 |
|
|
|
(1,676 |
) |
|
|
(1,595 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gain from acquisition of Numonyx
|
|
|
437 |
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
-- |
|
Interest income
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
79 |
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(178 |
) |
|
|
(182 |
) |
|
|
(118 |
) |
Other non-operating income (expense), net
|
|
|
54 |
|
|
|
(16 |
) |
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
|
1,920 |
|
|
|
(1,852 |
) |
|
|
(1,647 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income tax (provision) benefit
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(18 |
) |
Equity in net income (loss) of equity method investees, net of tax
|
|
|
(39 |
) |
|
|
(140 |
) |
|
|
-- |
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
|
1,900 |
|
|
|
(1,993 |
) |
|
|
(1,665 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
|
|
|
(50 |
) |
|
|
111 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
Net income (loss) attributable to Micron
|
|
$ |
1,850 |
|
|
$ |
(1,882 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,655 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings (loss) per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$ |
2.09 |
|
|
$ |
(2.35 |
) |
|
$ |
(2.14 |
) |
Diluted
|
|
|
1.85 |
|
|
|
(2.35 |
) |
|
|
(2.14 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of shares used in per share calculations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
887.5 |
|
|
|
800.7 |
|
|
|
772.5 |
|
Diluted
|
|
|
1,050.7 |
|
|
|
800.7 |
|
|
|
772.5 |
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions except par value amounts)
As of
|
|
September 2, 2010
|
|
|
September 3, 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and equivalents
|
|
$ |
2,913 |
|
|
$ |
1,485 |
|
Receivables
|
|
|
1,531 |
|
|
|
798 |
|
Inventories
|
|
|
1,770 |
|
|
|
987 |
|
Other current assets
|
|
|
119 |
|
|
|
74 |
|
Total current assets
|
|
|
6,333 |
|
|
|
3,344 |
|
Intangible assets, net
|
|
|
323 |
|
|
|
344 |
|
Property, plant and equipment, net
|
|
|
6,601 |
|
|
|
7,089 |
|
Equity method investments
|
|
|
582 |
|
|
|
315 |
|
Restricted cash
|
|
|
335 |
|
|
|
56 |
|
Other noncurrent assets
|
|
|
519 |
|
|
|
311 |
|
Total assets
|
|
$ |
14,693 |
|
|
$ |
11,459 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities and equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
$ |
1,509 |
|
|
$ |
1,037 |
|
Deferred income
|
|
|
298 |
|
|
|
209 |
|
Equipment purchase contracts
|
|
|
183 |
|
|
|
222 |
|
Current portion of long-term debt
|
|
|
712 |
|
|
|
424 |
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
|
2,702 |
|
|
|
1,892 |
|
Long-term debt
|
|
|
1,648 |
|
|
|
2,379 |
|
Other noncurrent liabilities
|
|
|
527 |
|
|
|
249 |
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
4,877 |
|
|
|
4,520 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitments and contingencies
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Micron shareholders’ equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock, $0.10 par value, 3,000 shares authorized, 994.5 shares issued and outstanding (848.7 in 2009)
|
|
|
99 |
|
|
|
85 |
|
Additional capital
|
|
|
8,446 |
|
|
|
7,257 |
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
(536 |
) |
|
|
(2,385 |
) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
(4 |
) |
Total Micron shareholders’ equity
|
|
|
8,020 |
|
|
|
4,953 |
|
Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries
|
|
|
1,796 |
|
|
|
1,986 |
|
Total equity
|
|
|
9,816 |
|
|
|
6,939 |
|
Total liabilities and equity
|
|
$ |
14,693 |
|
|
$ |
11,459 |
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(in millions)
|
|
Micron Shareholders
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock
|
|
|
Additional Capital
|
|
|
Retained Earnings (Accumulated) Deficit
|
|
|
Accumulated Other Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
|
|
|
Total Micron Shareholders’ Equity
|
|
|
Noncontrolling Interests in Subsidiaries
|
|
|
Total Equity
|
|
|
|
Number
of Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at August 30, 2007
|
|
|
757.9 |
|
|
$ |
76 |
|
|
$ |
6,913 |
|
|
$ |
1,153 |
|
|
$ |
(7 |
) |
|
$ |
8,135 |
|
|
$ |
2,607 |
|
|
$ |
10,742 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive income (loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,655 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,655 |
) |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(1,665 |
) |
Other comprehensive income (loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net of tax
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
Total comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,656 |
) |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(1,666 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contributions from noncontrolling interests
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
400 |
|
|
|
400 |
|
Stock-based compensation expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
48 |
|
Stock issued under stock plans
|
|
|
3.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(132 |
) |
|
|
(132 |
) |
Repurchase and retirement of common stock
|
|
|
(0.5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4 |
) |
Adoption of uncertain tax position standard
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
Balance at August 28, 2008
|
|
|
761.1 |
|
|
$ |
76 |
|
|
$ |
6,960 |
|
|
$ |
(503 |
) |
|
$ |
(8 |
) |
|
$ |
6,525 |
|
|
$ |
2,865 |
|
|
$ |
9,390 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive income (loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|