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Acquisition-related expenses: Acquisition-related charges are primarily associated with intangible assets acquired in connection with business acquisitions. Such charges include amortization of developed-product-technology rights, licensing rights, R&D technology rights, and marketing-related rights, as well as impairments of in-process R&D assets. The Company incurs charges related to these intangibles, and those charges are included in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Charges for purchased intangible assets are significantly impacted by the timing and magnitude of the Company’s acquisitions and potential product approvals as they relate to in-process R&D projects acquired. Accordingly, these charges may vary in amount from period to period. The Company excludes these charges for purposes of calculating the non-GAAP financial measures presented to facilitate a more meaningful evaluation of the Company’s current operating performance and comparisons to past operating performance. The Company believes that excluding the noncash charges related to those intangible assets acquired in business acquisitions treats those assets as if the Company had developed them internally in the past and, thus, provides a supplemental measure of profitability in which the Company’s acquired intellectual property is treated in a comparable manner to its internally-developed-intellectual property.

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Net charges pursuant to the Company’s restructuring initiative: Restructuring costs are primarily related to facilities charges, including accelerated depreciation, and severance and benefits for employees terminated pursuant to the transformation and process improvement efforts. Restructuring costs are inconsistent in amount and are significantly impacted by the timing and nature of these events. Therefore, although the Company may incur these types of expenses in the future, it believes that eliminating these charges for purposes of calculating the non-GAAP financial measures provides a supplemental evaluation of the Company’s current operating performance and facilitates comparisons to past operating performance.

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Other items: The Company adjusts GAAP financial results for certain expenses associated with judgments and/or settlements for legal proceedings discussed in our filings. The Company excludes these expenses for the purpose of calculating the non-GAAP financial measures presented because the Company believes these items are outside the ordinary course of business. The Company believes eliminating these expenses provides a supplemental evaluation of the Company’s current operating performance and facilitates comparisons to past operating performance.

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The tax effect of the adjustments between GAAP and non-GAAP results take into account the tax treatment and related tax rate(s) that apply to each adjustment in the applicable tax jurisdiction(s). Generally, this results in a tax impact at the U.S. marginal tax rate for certain adjustments, including the majority of amortization of intangible assets, whereas the tax impact of other adjustments, including restructuring expense, depends on whether the amounts are deductible in the respective tax jurisdictions and the applicable tax rate(s) in those jurisdictions.

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Other tax related items: The Company adjusts GAAP financial results for the impact of U.S. corporate tax reform, including Public Law No. 115-97, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, enacted in the United States in December 2017. Other tax related items primarily include the repatriation tax on accumulated foreign earnings and the remeasurement of certain net deferred and other tax liabilities. Although the Company may incur these types of expenses in the future, it believes that eliminating these charges for purposes of calculating the non-GAAP financial measures provides a supplemental evaluation of the Company’s current operating performance and facilitates comparisons to past operating performance.

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